Symptoms And Diagnosis Of Bipolar Disorder - 1345 Words

Bipolar Disorder Definition Bipolar disorder is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. Bipolar disorder affects approximately 57 million adult Americans, (Bipolar Disorder Statistics, 2016). It is more common for this disorder to affect adults rather than adolescent, with the onset age being somewhere around 25 years of age. Often time people live with disorder without having it properly diagnosed and treated. There are no specific ways to diagnosis a bipolar disorder. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, course of illness, family history, and the ruling out of other illness that could be causing mood disturbances (Frequently Asked Questions about Bipolar Disorder, 2016). Physicians often turn to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder to properly diagnose a client in order to eliminate confusion of another mental disorder. There are four different levels of moods, including: Bipolar I Disorder, Bipolar II Disorder, Cyclothymic Disorder, and Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (BP-NOS). Each of these levels range from extremely happy, energized behaviors to extremely sad, hopeless behaviors. Mood shifts could occur as often as several times a week to only a couple times a year. Bipolar I Disorder is a manic phase of symptoms lasting at least seven days resulting in immediate need of hospitalization. Bipolar II Disorder is a shifting back of forth of depressive episodesShow MoreRelatedBipolar Disorder : Symptoms, Syndromes, And Diagnosis994 Words   |  4 PagesWe ask ourselves what causes Bipolar disorder and what the effects are. There are about approximately 5.7 millions Americans suffering from bipolar disorde r. Many people only have a surface understanding of the disorder that is garnered from television and articles in popular publications. The best way to help yourself or anyone you know th at have this condition is to understand the bipolar disorder symptoms, syndromes, and diagnosis. Then focus on the treatments of getting help and getting betterRead MoreWhat Are Bipolar Disorder?1240 Words   |  5 Pagestoday’s society that are diagnosed with mental illness, especially that of bipolar disorder, does not seem to come as much of a surprise to anyone. Yet, why is this? Is the recent over-diagnosis due in part to fault within the definition of what pediatric bipolar disorder actually is? Many believe this to be the case; while others support the notion that bipolar disorder is not over diagnosed and the recent prevalence of the disorder is the result of increased awareness on the part of health professionalsRead MoreA Family Member Or Friend Who Suffers From Bipolar Disorder?1689 Words   |  7 PagesDo you know a family member or friend who suffers from Bipolar Disorder? Jessica was one of my friends from College, during college she was an outstanding student, she was always on time wi th assignments, no absences, and on top of the class. Everything in her room and study papers were extremely organized, but sometimes she last days with insomnia and cried without motive. Her parents’ divorce cause a terrible impact in her family, the doctors diagnosed her mom with major depression. After collegeRead MoreShould Bipolar Disorder Be Diagnosed? Children?1731 Words   |  7 Pages Should Bipolar Disorder be Diagnosed in Children? Emily Gell Brookdale Community College  Manic depression disorder, more commonly known today as bipolar disorder, is a mental illness that can affect any age, race, or gender. It is not prejudiced, and has a grim prognosis if the symptoms are not treated or controlled in some fashion. Bipolar disorder is, by Boris Birmaher as the presence of recurrent episodes of mania or hypomania with and without episodes of depression (BirmaherRead MoreBipolar Disorder1485 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar Disorder HCA/240 Toni Black Andrew Bertrand 11/21/2010 What is Bipolar Disorder? Bipolar disorder, is also known as manic-depressive illness, this is a brain disorder that causes unusual mood swings, energy levels are either up or down and your ability to function a normal everyday life would be a challenge to these individuals with this mental illness. The normal ups and downs that people experience who doesn’t have bipolar disorder is relatively different because withRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar II1373 Words   |  6 Pages Bipolar II disorder is a relatively common mental illness that affects upwards of 6 million United States citizens. This disease is very complex and often difficult to diagnose. What makes this illness clinically unique is that it is characterized by extreme mood swings that alternate between extreme highs and extreme lows. Bipolar II differs from bipolar I disorder, as that the high moods of bipolar II are milder than bipolar I, which means that bipolar II patients spend more time in the low depressiveRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Early Onset Bipolar Disorder1742 Words   |  7 Pages Early-onset bipolar disorder is a chronic mood disturbance that causes dramatic shifts in one’s mood that is uncharacteristic of their normal mood and behavior. This hereditary behavioral disorder causes mood swings from extreme lows, depression, to extreme highs, mania. It usually occurs in mid- to late-adolescence but can appear as early as elementary school. The unique symptoms of this age group are angry and aggressive outbursts followed by periods of remorse and guilt, declining academic performanceRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Mental Disorders1249 Words   |  5 PagesBipolar Disorder, also known as manic/depressive disorder once was a disorder that carried a severe societal stigmatism. It now has carries less stigmatism but is a disorder which has become difficult to diagnosis and extremely prevalent in today’s society. Due to the manic characteristic of the disorder it differentiates itself from the typical form of depression. Even though both depression and bi polar disorder can be due to an imbalance in brain chemistry and biology, genetics, or effected byRead MoreEarly Onset Of The Disorder952 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar, or manic-depression, is a mood disorder that is typically diagnosed during mid teenage years to early adulthood. Many people believe that mid teen years are the earliest a diagnosis can be made, however the disorder can be diagnosed in early childhood. Early onset of the disorder is often much more severe, and is harder to treat. The possible causes for early onset are similar to those of late onset. Symptoms are also similar, however those in early onset can be more serious. Diagnosis ofRead MoreBipolar Disorder1126 Words   |  5 PagesBipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder In the world today Bipolar Disorder Abstract This article reviews the current state of the literature on the assessment of bipolar disorder in adults. Research on reliable and valid measures for bipolar disorder has unfortunately lagged behind assessment research for other disorders, such as major depression. We review diagnostic tools, self-report measures

Hiv / Aids Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome - 775 Words

HIV/AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a devastating disease, the scope and depth having no boundaries, permeating into many areas of the world, oblivious to social class, lifestyle, or culture. Initially reported in 1981, HIV/ AIDS rapidly spread and by 1987, 100 countries conveyed the presence of HIV/AIDS. (Maurer Smith, 2009). â€Å"By 2001, it was the leading infectious cause of death in the world, killing almost 3 million people, and by 2002, approximately 5 million people were infected with HIV, including 2 million women and 800,000 children younger than 15 years of age† (Maurer Smith, 2009, p. 121). With advancements in health care, â€Å"the number of people living with AIDS continues to increase† (Shi Singh, 2013, p. 532). In a global summary of the AIDS epidemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that in 2014, 36.9 million people were living with HIV; 2 million people were newly infected, and 1.2 million people died resultant of AIDS related complications (World Health Organization [WHO], 2015). How Countries Around the World are Faring â€Å"While some countries have made impressive gains in achieving health-related targets, others are falling behind. Often the countries making the least progress are those affected by high levels of HIV/AIDS, economic hardship or conflict† (Millennium Development Goals, 2015, p. 1). In fact, â€Å"there are more people living with HIV in Nigeria alone than in the whole of North America, Western Europe andShow MoreRelatedThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( Aids )1199 Words   |  5 PagesThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is one of the deadliest pandemics the world has ever known. Unprecedented efforts and resources have been mobilized to fight the infection worldwide. While obvious progress has been made, HIV infection still hit hard and the field of public health continues actively to raise awareness about this issue and help affected people. Public health professionals constantly look for new ways to reach high-risk populations, butRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) Or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( Aids )1281 Words   |  6 PagesA major epidemic across the world is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Accredited with 10% of the HIV cases annually is injection drug use (AIDS.gov, 2014). A study done in 2010 showed that injection drug use affected nearly 47,500 new HIV infections in the United States. With 625 being males and 38% being female. Breaking it down even further, African Americans made up 50% of the newly affecting using injection drugs, Whites 26%, and Latinos/ HispanicsRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( Aids )1449 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) /Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is present around the world. HIV weakens the body’s immune system by attacking its defences against diseas e this later develops into AIDS which causes for the body to be unable to fight of illness and diseases it usually could (Afao.org.au, 2015). Chad a country of Sub Saharan Africa has an estimated 210,000 people living with HIV/Aids. Working to decrease this a number promotional incentives are being run such as theRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) And The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( Aids )2072 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) do not seem to be a major topic of discussion in the World today. Especially within the United States, HIV and AIDS are not conversed about as openly as perhaps it was in the past two decades. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) at the end of 2010 there were approximately 1.1 million people living in the United States with the HIV virus. Of those 1.1 million people, aboutRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus Infection And Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( Hiv / Aids )898 Words   |  4 Pages Pathogenic Agent Identified Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) Virus after the infection of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the immune system is damaged so the body become targets of many opportunistic diseases, which called syndrome, rather than just a type of disease. [1] History of Pathogenic Agent The clinical of AIDS was first observed by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1981. [2] The region most recent outbreakRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Or Hiv, The Root Cause Of Aids Or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome?1532 Words   |  7 PagesSince its discovery in 1981, the scientific community has put up with the struggle of finding a vaccine for the human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, the root cause of AIDS or acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Although numerous advancements in combating the virus have helped to reverse the epidemic, there is still no known cure. However, recent studies have shown some results that may possibly be the precursors to eradicate the disease. One example would be the trials of a possible vaccine conductedRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus And Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome1477 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome In 1981, the first cases in the United States of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) developed in Los Angeles and New York (Fraser, Burd, Liebson, Lipschik, Peterson, 2008). The illness presented itself among several homosexual males who developed rare opportunistic infections such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Kaposi’s sarcoma (Sharp Hahn, 2011). At the time, medical professionals deemed the infections to beRead MoreAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( Aids )1401 Words   |  6 PagesAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Duckworth 2 The history of the awful words AIDS and HIV has distressed the world for the past 40 years. It has infused panic in the world from its illness, fear, and regrettably death. AIDS was announced to the world in 1980. It is highly believed that this illness began in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo. Prior to this time, it is undetermined of the number of people infected developed AIDS orRead MoreAIDS, which stands for acquired immune deficiency syndrome, has been a worldwide issue for many800 Words   |  4 PagesAIDS, which stands for acquired immune deficiency syndrome, has been a worldwide issue for many years. People of all ages have been affected by this syndrome, from newborns to young teens, all the way to adults going all the way through their seniority. Individuals with the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome have had many obstacles to deal with. Some of which are problems not only having to do with their health, but also with the relationship that they have wit h the people around their communityRead MoreHistory Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome1272 Words   |  6 PagesThe history of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome in the United States starts in 1981, the year it became recognized by country as an official new strange disease. By 1982 it was recognized as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). It started in San Francisco, with five young homosexual men, they were presented with Pneumonia (PCP). As the year went on there were more reports of homosexual men presenting PCP and some of them were diagnosed with PCP and Kaposi ´s Sarcoma (KS). Others reports

Airline Differentiation Free Essays

Airlines Differentiation In the world of airlines there is a huge market for varies airlines that offer different services to the customers to gain the competitive advantage. In the following article we will outline the differences between airlines like: â€Å"Emirates airline†, â€Å"Qatar† and â€Å"Air Arabia†. Those airlines will mainly differ in following criteria’s: †¢ Price is one of the most important differences that airlines would have among each other. We will write a custom essay sample on Airline Differentiation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Looking at Emirates that has competitive pricing to the rest of its rivals in similar service quality we can say that services of the airline would affect the difference in price among the airlines. This example shows us that Qatar Airlines as it is the first Five Star Airline that offers premium services would differ in price compare to Emirates. Customers can choose what quality of service they would receive according to the price they want to pay. That’s why we thing that airlines can be split in to three separate press categories according to the service they offer. Emirates would fit in the middle price category compare to Qatar Airlines which offers superior service for a superior price. The last category of price range we would consider Air Arabia as it has the minimum possible service but also has the lowest price range for varicose destinations (An example: Emirates offers return flight to Bangalore from 20th December till 23d December for 2640dhs. , Qatar offers the same flight for 2350dhs, Air Arabia offers for 790dhs). †¢ In flight service would show the biggest difference among the three airlines. Looking at Emirates and Qatar airline we can see that inflight service at Qatar would be Five Star class compare to Emirates four star. For example Qatar would offer its Five Star Award winning wines and champagnes to attract customers with is superior inflight entertainment system while sited in De Luxe seat. Looking at Emirates which service would differ as Emirates sets out lower standards for its guests compare to Qatar. However Emirates still can compete with is good dinning quality on board that offers maximum possible value for money accommodated by friendliness from the inflight crew well established entertainment system. One of the main differences of Emirates compared to the rest of the airlines is that Emirates has on board inflight shower system which none of ther airlines have in the world. Looking at the basic service that is offered by Air Arabia we can see that this Airline mainly offers flight to the final destination without any extra in price services. There is no entertainment system on board seats are very small and food has to be paid extra if wanted. So as we can see Air Arabia would fit in to the lowest service range as it offers it services to economic class passengers. †¢ Looking at convenience we can say that Emirates and Qatar airlines try to offer maximum possible comfort for its passengers that includes pick up and drop service for its premium passengers. Emirates airline has a slight advantage in convenient offering worldwide lounges for its premium class travelers which Qatar Airways doesn’t. For the convenience of the passenger airlines like Emirates and Qatar offer online check in that allows the customer to print out its boarding pass and just hand in the luggage in the airport. Compare to the big airlines Air Arabia has to offer its availability for smaller destination types that are not served by the big airlines (Example: Destination range of Emirates over 100 destinations same as Qatar, however Air Arabia currently fly to 65 destinations only). Safety plays an important role for all three airlines as all of those airlines above want to create a good reputation with high safety standards for its travellers. There is minimum any safety regulations among the three airlines as they don’t spare any cost when it comes to keeping its customers safe. Only Emirates has additional insurance policy which provides 1 million dollars in case of death. Reference: http://www. airarabia. com/crp_1/pr-faqsstitle=pr-faqspid=127 http://www. emirates. com/ae/english/destinations_offers/route_maps/route_map. aspx http://www. qatarairways. com/ae/en/ceo-message. page How to cite Airline Differentiation, Essay examples

Corporate Governance and Risk Reporting Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Describe the actions taken and behaviour displayed by Senior Management throughout this saga in terms of Enterprise Risk Management. 2.Show me a companys various compensation plans, and Ill show you how its employees behave - Jack Welch, Former CEO of General Electric Examine the key areas of concern in TABs remuneration plan. 3.Critically evaluate the actions taken by ASIC throughout the course of the financial planning scandal, while highlighting difficulties ASIC might have faced during its investigations. 4.The media played an important role in exposing the fraud in TAFP. Discuss the role of the media in promoting good governance. Are there factors which limit its effectiveness? 5.Briefly discuss the importance of a good whistleblower protection policy. Do you think the policy Sufficiently protected Bloe and his fellow whistle blowers? 6.TAB had an Excellent reputation amongst its Customers but TAFP severely damaged it. Answers: Introduction Corporate governance is a set of mechanisms, processes and practices by which a company is directed and controlled. It involves taking into consideration the interests of all the stakeholders of the company such as shareholders, managers, employees, clients and directors, thus it is faced with the challenge of having to align these interests (Acharya et al, 2013). Corporate governance lays out the duties and responsibilities of all participants in a corporation and monitors their actions in compliance to its principles. Governance structure includes a set of rules, regulations and procedures regarding all the affairs of the company. 1.Enterprise risk management is the manner in which an organizations activities are planned, organized and controlled in an attempt to minimize potential loss in its capital investments and earnings (Brustbauer, 2017). The senior management of Terra Australis Bank (TAB) is fraudulent and unprincipled as it has provided management protection to some of the employees who are dishonest in their actions, for example Don. It also does not take into account complaints brought to it by the other employees of the bank who do not hold a high title. Some of the top leaders for example the banks Chief Executive Officer Sam Venus have remained inconspicuous meaning that they do not want to directly get involved in the operations of the bank. This has led the bank into a very risky position, reducing its earnings and almost losing its customers. The risks involved include: Financial Risk This is a possibility of loss of monetary resources and uncertainty about their extent. TABs clients experience a loss in their finances which are subjected to high risk investments, even during the apparent state of financial meltdown. The management of the bank could have avoided this type of risk by formulating better remuneration strategies for example basing amounts of bonuses and commissions received to the number of clients served (Berger et al, 2016) There should also be monitoring of employees actions and behavior as an internal control system and reviewing all analytical reports. Operational Risk There is clearly a failed system of operation in TAB which has and will continue to bring losses if not rectified. To mitigate this risk, the banks management should have clear set of principles and standards of operation and encourage their employees to follow them to the latter, failure to which there should be some kind of punishment Sam Venus Being in the position of Sam Venus, the CEO of TAB, I would have taken the first step of correcting the banks mistakes by issuing a public apology as well. I would not have stopped there, however due to the damaged reputation of the bank and lack of customer satisfaction. In addition to the compensation plan, I would set up a bank mission statement in an attempt to restore the damaged employee-customer relationship. In this exercise however, I would involve all the employees and value their opinion so that each one of them would be more willing to follow them and do their best in their work for their good and the good of the bank. The results of employee involvement would be to ensure that they will do the right thing even when no one is watching. I would set up a well-developed compliance culture to encourage the employees to comply with the rules and regulations of the law as well as those of the respective department and the bank as a whole. Clients concerns would be the central focus of the bank as a service providing entity. The relationship between the employees and the clients would be based on trust and understanding. Lastly, I would set up a risk response strategy to ensure that the clients money would no longer be invested in high risk projects which may not have high returns. In other words, I would devise strategies that focus on returns rather than risk. I would ensure there are regular committee meetings involving an expert who would help us understand how the risk response strategy is working and whether we are making efforts towards achieving our goals in responding to risk appropriately. There would be continued inspection and monitoring of the risk environment and performance of the risk mitigation strategy (McShane et al, 2011). 2.TABs remuneration plan has focused too much on risk instead of the returns received from the clients investments. The amount of commission and bonus payable is directly proportional to the risk involved. This means that the higher the risk, the more the bonus payed to the employees who then respond by advising their clients to invest in highly risky projects whether or not they have high returns. This compensation strategy is not effective in the least bit because the employees do not thoroughly assess the risk levels of an investment asset before investing in it. This has severely damaged the relationship between the employees and clients developing mistrust thus ineffectiveness in the banks overall operation. Being in the management position of the bank, I would focus more of the employees attention on returns on investment and number of clients well served. TAB has instilled in its employees an ambitious sales-driven culture which is quite aggressive and builds competition instead of cooperation among the employees. Each employee is individually focused on being the best and meeting his or her sales target without any care about who gets negatively affected in the process. The bank is encouraging on win-lose culture thus there is no cooperation among the employees of between the employees and the clients. This basically means that the bank cannot grow as a whole. I would insist more on cooperation and relationship building if I was in a leadership position in the bank. 3.Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) clearly does not carry out its activities until complaints are extended to them. Even then, the commission is very slow in its response and when it does respond, it is only to a small fraction of the complaints it has received. When Joe Bloe and Mary Jones took their concerns to ASIC, for example, they were brushed aside. ASICs first response to the scandal was in 2010 after several clients had suffered loss of their finances. The commission asked for the clients files to be handed over by the wealth management division of TAB, TAFP. It pressured the bank to devise a compensation scheme for payment to the affected clients but did not follow up on that in that the clients received minimal amounts. It also carried out an assessment of the risk management systems of the bank. Other than the above actions, ASIC did not do anything further to respond to complaints. its investigation of the scandal which include. Lack Of Good Financial Records Some of the files were missing while others had been sanitized meaning that there was not a well laid-out financial recording system. Therefore, there would not be physical evidence of the misconducts of the management. Uncompliance By The Management TAFPs management would be unwilling to cooperate with ASIC during the investigation because they are well aware that they are fraudulent and dishonest. 4.The media acts as a watchdog: It publicizes all information acquired by the personnel, creating public awareness and therefore protecting the interests of the latter from malpractice. It exposes any dubious actions by an organization which changes peoples perspective. This ensures that services are provided in the correct manner. Media has played an important role in reducing the communication gap thus every person is able to acquire the latest available piece of information. Its effectiveness has however been limited by various factors including: Spread of rumors: This occurs especially in social media where there is no prior thorough investigation before reports are produced. This reduces its effectiveness because misleading information may be spread to the public who then may lose trust in the media when truth finally comes out. Lack of follow-up: Media is mostly concerned with telling a story and not actually following up on it. In social for example, various participants post their concerns and if only a few people are interested in what they have to say or if that information does not reach the right people then that is the end of it (Bebchuk et al, 2009). Yes. Social media plays an important role in enterprise risk management as it provides organizations with insight in changes in consumer tastes and preferences. The media also is not hesitant in exposing fraud in an organization. Many organizations are therefore forced to make smart risk management strategies due to the fear of losing their reputation and comply with the rules and regulations of the respective country. 5.A good whistleblower protection policy ensures that whistleblowers, those individuals who bring to light possible wrongdoings in an organization are protected, which leads to effective management (McCahery et al, 2016). It also ensures that employees adhere to the organizations principles and offer an opportunity for resolving issues internally. Furthermore, it improves ethics in the organization and may bring about fairness. In TAB the policy did not protect the whistleblowers because of the unprincipled and dishonest management. All their concerns fell into deaf ears of both the banks management and ASIC. It was not until their complaints came out to the general public that they were addressed. Recognition to whistleblowers whose concerns are investigated and found out to be the truth. This could include rewarding them by promotion or increase in their salaries as a way of encouraging others to come forward with their concerns. Verification of these complaints must be done however, to ensure that they are credible. 6.Organizations face various challenges in their attempt to promote good governance, compliance and ethics. These include: Lack of transparency: For the principles of an organization to apply to the whole group there must be free flow of information. This is however seldom the case due to lack of a good whistleblower protection policy which may lead to misconduct and ineffective corporate governance. Lack of participation in decision making: If employees are not given a chance to participate in the decision making process of the company, they often feel left out and are therefore adamant on following the policies made (Berger et al, 2016). Unresponsiveness by some departments: Some department managers are very slow in reacting to issues brought to them by the employees, while some might just brush them off. This disrupts the ease of the flow of the governing system. Employment: It would be impossible to identify people who are more likely to comply to the companys ethics while recruiting without first having them onboard. Conclusion Good governance involves having a well-developed risk management system, ethics and compliance system as well as a remuneration system that promotes cooperation and relationship building among the employees. It involves good decision making practices to develop a set of corporate standards and principles for guidance. References Acharya, V. V., Gottschalg, O. F., Hahn, M., Kehoe, C. (2013). Corporate governance and value creation: Evidence from private equity.Review of Financial Studies,26(2), 368-402. McCahery, J. A., Sautner, Z., Starks, L. T. (2016). Behind the scenes: The corporate governance preferences of institution. Bebchuk, L., Cohen, A., Ferrell, A. (2009).What matters in corporate governance?.Review of Financial studies,22(2), 783-827.al investors.The Journal of Finance. Tricker, R. B., Tricker, R. I. (2015).Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA. Berger, A. N., Imbierowicz, B., Rauch, C. (2016). The roles of corporate governance in bank failures during the recent financial crisis.Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,48(4), 729-770. Saggar, R., Singh, B. (2017). Corporate governance and risk reporting: Indian evidence.Managerial Auditing Journal,32(4/5). Gordon, L. A., Loeb, M. P., Tseng, C. Y. (2009). Enterprise risk management and firm performance: A contingency perspective.Journal of Accounting and Public Policy,28(4), 301-327.6), 521-531. Florio, C., Leoni, G. (2017). Enterprise risk management and firm performance: The Italian case.The British Accounting Review,49(1), 56-74. Olson, D. L., Wu, D. D. (2017). Data Envelopment Analysis in Enterprise Risk Management. InEnterprise Risk Management Models(pp. 105-117). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. McShane, M. K., Nair, A., Rustambekov, E. (2011). Does enterprise risk management increase firm value?.Journal of Accounting, Auditing Finance,26(4), 641-658. Brustbauer, J. (2016). Enterprise risk management in SMEs: Towards a structural model.International Small Business Florio, C., Leoni, G. (2017). Enterprise risk management and firm performance: The Italian case.The British Accounting Review,49(1), 56-74.Journal,34(1), 70-85.

The Tennis Serve Essay Example For Students

The Tennis Serve Essay The tennis serve is the stroke that puts the ball in play and is often referred to as the most important stroke in the game of tennis. It has become a principle weapon of attack and is used to place the opponent on the defensive by forcing a return from the weak side or by moving the receiver out of position. A good strong serve can sometimes be the basis of winning a game of tennis. I have included eight picture sequences to illustrate the tennis serve. Represented in picture A is the stance of the serve. In this part of the serve, the person needs to take a position sideways to the net, about three or four feet to the right center mark behind the baseline. The left foot is two to three inches behind the line, the toes pointing toward the net post. The back foot is parallel to the baseline and spread conformably from the front. We will write a custom essay on The Tennis Serve specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Pictures B and C represent the preparation phase. In these pictures, the execution of the ball toss is performed. The ball toss is the key to a well-executed serve: a good release consistently places the ball in the proper hitting position. A poor release can throw off timing and ultimately cause a bad serve. In pictures D-F the action phase is represented. In picture D of the action phase, the elbow reaches a position slightly higher than the shoulder, then the elbow bends and the racket head drops down behind the back into what is called the back scratching position. In picture E, the ball should be at its maximum height of the toss before striking it. In picture F, the last of the action phase, the movement of striking the ball is explosive in an upward and forward motion until contactPictures G and H represent the follow through. In the follow through the action is performed up and out, not down, in the direction of the intended target area. The follow through is a natural continuation of the stroke. A good follow through will help prepare for the next step in approaching the net for a return. Kinematics is defined as the study of motion. It is compiled of different bodily planes and different joint motions. In the beginning of the serve, during the stance (picture A), the feet are outwardly rotated. The hips and the trunk are extended. The left shoulder is slightly flexed along with the right shoulder and the shoulder girdles are slightly abducted. Both of the wrists are pronated with the elbows slightly flexed. During the preparation (pictures B and C) the feet are still in an outwardly rotated position. The hips slightly abduct with the trunk still in full extension. The shoulders are abducted, with slight elevation of the shoulder girdle. Both elbows are extended, but the right wrist stays in a pronated position and the left wrist is supinated. During the action (pictures D-F) the right foot inwardly rotates along with it performing planter flexion but the left foot stays in an outwardly rotated position. The hips are adducted but then they shift to abduction. The trunk starts in hyperextension then get fully extended and slightly rotate to the left. Both knees flex but the left knee extends while the right knee stays flexed. The left shoulder goes from flexion to extension while the right shoulder performs high diagonal adduction. The left elbow goes from extension to flexion and the right elbow goes from flexion to extension. The left hand goes from supination to pronation while the right hand stays in a pronated position. Finally, during the follow through (pictures G and H) the left foot inwardly rotates along with some planter flexion. The right foot inwardly rotates and goes back to a naturally flat position. Both hips are flexed along with the flexion of the trunk and its rotation. The left shoulder remains in an extended position but the right shoulder follows through with the high diagonal adduction, while both shoulder girdles perform abduction. The right elbow slightly flexes but the left elbow extends. The knees go from flexion to a greater degree of flexion. The kinematics of the tennis serve is a complicated thing, it consist of many laws and principles. One law is the law of inertia and the principles deal with motion, force and projectiles. These laws and principles can be applied to a skill, for example the tennis serve. The first principle deals with stability. This principle consist of smaller groups dealing with mass, friction, height of the center of gravity, position of the center of gravity, and base of support. The mass of the person in pictures A through H is of a certain weight. This mass or weight throughout the serve is considered to be constant. This observation is made because during the tennis serve the person performing the serve cannot gain or loss mass during the serve. Friction can be a major factor in a sport or game. The type of footwear available can help an althea to the point of better counter force when jumping or better traction for different surfaces. A tennis shoe does not need to have great counter force because there is not a lot of jumping but traction is important because of different surfaces like clay, grass, and concrete. Each surface performs differently for each athlete so there should be a traction on the shoe to benefit sprinting forward but also being able to move side to side. Height of center of gravity is one important factor in good equilibrium. In the stance position of the tennis serve (picture A), the height of gravity is in the middle around the navel. This remains constant through the prep phase (picture C), but when the action phase starts (pictures D F) the height of gravity moves up with the extension of the racket arm and trunk. Then in the follow through (picture G, H) height of gravity starts to go down because of the descending motion of the racket arm and trunk. Position of center of gravity is another important part in good equilibrium. In the stance position of the tennis serve (picture A) the position of gravity is about two inches above the belt. Then in the prep phase (picture C) it moves upward about four inches above the navel. Next, in the action phase (pictures D F) center of gravity moves three inches to the right of the navel and about four inches above the navel. In the follow through (picture G, H) the center of gravity is about four inches outside the body parallel to the belt line. Base of support is the area formed by the outer most region of contact between the body and a support surface. During the serve (pictures A D) the base of support is pretty much constant. It is just enough not to fall but good enough to push off of the surface. In picture E the base narrows a little because of the force of pushing off with the left foot. Pictures F and G, the base is wider then narrows and drops down and forward, this is because of momentum pulling the body forward into the follow through. At the end the base of support is narrowed to bring the feet under the body for better equilibrium because the center of gravity is outside the body, this is to keep the body from falling. The first law of kinematics is the law of interia. This law has principles that deal with motion. Translatory motion is defined as motion moving in a straight line. Rotary motion is defined as motion moving in a circle. Combining translatory and rotary motion in the tennis serve is shown by the rotary motion of the racket arm and the motion of the trunk in the follow through. Translatory motion is shown by the stepping forward of the trunk, legs, and partially of the racket arm. Continuity of motion is shown during the action phase (pictures D F) with the tossing of the tennis ball while bringing the racket into a striking position and also extended the trunk and legs. This is all performed at the same time with no pause. If there was pause in any of these motions there would not be enough momentum to create a very effective serve. .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210 , .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210 .postImageUrl , .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210 , .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210:hover , .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210:visited , .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210:active { border:0!important; } .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210:active , .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210 .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Matrix (1018 words) EssayMomentum is the product of a bodys mass and linear velocity. Momentum can be changed by changing direction. To produce an effect of momentum during the serve, since mass is constant, the velocity of the body must be increased. This is done by the extension of the racket arm along with the trunk and moving the center of gravity forward to produce a good momentum in striking the tennis ball, this intern with the racket striking the ball turns it into a force, this force is equal to the momentum of the body. During the action phase of the serve (pictures D F) transfer of momentum is achieved by extending the legs, trunk, and racket arm. This is d one because mass remains constant, so to increase speed the body must become longer to help contribute to the total body momentum. In the tennis serve acceleration is proportional to force because mass in the body of the server is constant. So if the server has a great amount of acceleration then there will be a great amount of force when striking the tennis ball with the racket. Maximum acceleration is achieved by moving the whole body in a forward motion with continuity and timing. There are really no extraneous movements because most movements like the extension of the legs, trunk, racket arm, and the moving forward of the body are all extended to create greater body momentum. Timing is very important and should be practiced because it is probably the hardest thing to get down to create maximum acceleration and effective motion. In the serve the bodys radius is lengthened so according to the principle the rotation is shortened during the follow through phase, this is because with a lengthened radius the body has more area to cover. This is sacrificed because greater momentum to where the ball must be hit is more important then rotational speed. This is illustrated in the action phase (pictures D F) with the extension of the legs, trunk and racket arm. This shows the lengthening of the bodys radius. During the action phase of the serve never unsupported as seen in the pictures D F. Both feet seem to be on the ground in constant support of the body, so this principle does not apply to this particular serve. Although some people might actually, force a split second, become airborne during the serve, then this principle would apply. There are three major surface variations in tennis all with different counter force. Clay is the first surface, although it is somewhat soft is does not contain good counter force because it has a bad coefficient of restitution, which means it does not bounce back to original shape very well. Clay is also somewhat slippery so players must slide to position to hit the ball. Grass is another form of surface variation, it is also somewhat soft and does not have a very good coefficient of restitution but it is better then clay. Grass also has a degree slipperiness and also requires the sliding into position. Finally, concrete is the last surface variation, it has no counter force because there is no give and no coefficient of restitution but concrete is not as slippery as the other two surfaces. During the action phase of the tennis serve (pictures D F), the direction of counter force is projected down and back which in turn propels the server up and forward. This is done in a perpendicular manner to the surface so there will be no slippage. When the racket strikes the ball there are counter forces. When the ball is in contact with the racket, the racket has momentum but there is one possibility in the make of the racket to help contribute to counter force. If a player has a stiff racket with loss strings the give of the racket is not as great as the strings but when both their coefficients of restitution are activated, they perform in created more force for the striking of the ball. The ball itself also has a coefficient of restitution to help propel itself off the racket. The player also must have a firm grip at impact to reduce of eliminate give at the grip. Temporarily stored counter force can be found in many parts of the tennis serve. For one, the ball itself has it own ability to spring back to original shape, this all depends on the make of the ball. Next is the racket and the strings, each have a coefficient of restitution which results in temporarily stored counter force. A stiff racket like tightly wound strings have high restitution unlike a flexible racket and loss strings. Finally the shoes an athlete wears can have stored counter force depending on make and material. In the tennis serve as observed in pictures D F, during the sticking motion both feet are in contact with the ground to provide maximum to the ball, even though the bodies extended and looks like it could go airborne. Total force is equal to the sum of the forces of each body segment contributing to the act, if the forces are applied in a single direction and in the proper sequence with correct timing. If the variables sequence, timing, and direction are not all applied correctly together the total force will be minimal. During the action phase, pictures D-F, in the tennis serve total force is achieved by the extension of the arms, legs and trunk along with the timing of the movement of the racket arm in striking the ball, and also the leaning forward of the body. Force applications should be constant and as even as possible. The force applications should be this way so that maximum force can be used to overcome the resistance of gravity and air or water, and minimum force can be us ed to overcome inertia. The relationship between constant force over a greater distance and resulting velocity is a positive one. When the distance over which a force is applied increases, so does the velocity. During the prep phase, pictures A-C, the extension of the racket arm is done to create the distance in which greater velocity will occur and this resulting in a greater striking force of the tennis ball. Resulting movement depends on the direction and magnitude of the acting forces. If two of these forces act in the same general direction, the direction of the resulting force is somewhere between the two, and the magnitude of the resulting force is more than either, but not as much as the total of the two contributing forces. During the action phase, pictures D-F, the force of the arm, body and racket hitting the ball forward along with gravity pulling it downward, the balls flight, although going forward is also going down. This path of the ball is the between result of the two forces acting upon it. The relationship of muscle length and resulting force is that, the longer the muscle is, the greater the increase in force of that muscle. During the prep phase, pictures A-C, the muscles in the body and the racket arm are tensed or put on stretch to increase the length of the muscle to produce greater force. The relationship of linear speed to lever length is positive. This means that when a lever gets longer the linear speed gets faster, thus increasing the striking force. During the action phase, pictures D-F, the extension of the levers of the body and racket arm increases the linear speed, resulting in greater striking force of the tennis ball. .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e , .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e .postImageUrl , .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e , .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e:hover , .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e:visited , .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e:active { border:0!important; } .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e:active , .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The New Liberal Arts EssayEmphasis on proper follow through eliminates the tendency to decelerate a throwing or striking action prior to its completion. Some other benefits of a proper follow through would be to maintain balance and to protect the joint by gradually slowing the body parts. In any case, once contact is broken with the object, follow through actions has no influence on the flight of the object. There are some external forces that can be used to benefit performance, like water resistance, friction, gravity, and air resistance. Having the correct shoe for the correct playing surface can be very helpful because it could help reduce friction resulting in greater speed. Using gravity and air resistance when striking the tennis ball could be used in the placing of the ball to make it harder for the opponent to hit it. The relationship of air/water resistance and velocity is that if the velocity at which a body travels is increased by two, the air/water resistance against it will increase by four. During the action phase, pictures D-F, when the tennis ball travels at a certain speed the air resistance is squared. This intern can affect the flight of the ball. Centrifugal force is only experienced during a rotational (angular) or curvilinear motion. It results from the tendency for an object to continue in a straight line instead of a curved path. It is counteracting by forces (usually muscular) which, if effective, equal or exceed the centrifugal force and tend to maintain the object to continue in its curved path. This counteracting force is centripetal force. In the case of a freely moving body, as velocity increases, centrifugal force increases. Additional weight also increases centrifugal force. The smaller the radius of a curved path, the greater the centrifugal force with the same velocity. During the action phase, pictures D-F, the half circle motion of the racket arm, when in the process of hitting the ball, wants to go in a straight line but the muscles keep it from doing that. Instead, it brings the racket around to strike the ball at the peak height of the ball toss. A force from a blow can be diminished by distributing the force over either a greater time (and distance) or area, or both. During the action phase, pictures D-F, the size of the racket head determines the distributing of the force of the tennis ball. The bigger the racket head the more the force of the ball is diminished. In catching an object, the objects momentum is dissipated by eccentric muscular contractions allowing the joints to move through controlled flexion; and while momentum is being reduced, body parts flex to grasp the object securely. This principle is not found in the tennis serve because there is no object being caught. If the application is directly through the projectiles center of gravity, only linear motion results from the force. As the projecting force is moved farther from the center of gravity, rotary motion of the object increases at the expense of linear motion. If the force is below the objects center of gravity, backspin results. If the force is above the objects center of gravity, topspin results. The striking of the ball above or below its center of gravity which can intern result in topspin or backspin which can change the direction of the ball when it hits the court and also in the air. The force of gravity on a object starts to diminish its vertical velocity as soon as contact is broken. The factors that determine how soon gravity will cause the object to descend are weight, amount of force driving it upward, and the effect of air resistance on the object. The relationship of speed and air resistance is that as speed increases air resistance plays a more significant role. Objects that are less dense and streamlined are influenced less by air resistance, and the less surface area an object presents, the less will be the effect of air resistance on the object. The tennis ball being somewhat small, round, hollow, and fuzzy, makes it less dense, more streamlined, and it presents less surface area. This all intern makes the tennis ball a pretty streamlined. The optimal angle for maximum distance when the beginning and end points are at the same level is 45 degrees. The effects of a less than optimal angle results in little distance. The effect of a greater then optimal angle can also result in little distance. When starting points are above or below ending points, reduce angle to get maximum distance. Since the greatest angle for projection is 45 degrees, the tennis serve is struck downward as close to 45 degrees as possible. The relationship of the angle of incidence to the angle of reflection is equal. This means that the angle at which the object approaches a surface is equal to the angle at which it leaves that surface. The factors that could change this would be irregular shapes of the two colliding surfaces, the force resulting from elasticity of the object, and the spin of the object both during and after contact. If all else is constant , the angle the tennis ball hits the ground is the angle it will project of the ground. Also in tennis spin will effect the angle. A highly elastic object will quickly spring back to its original shape after being compressed. The compression of the tennis ball is somewhat moderate but there is also what is called a high compression ball on the market. The elasticity is really high because the ball is made out of rubber, which has a good restitution. The greatest rebound results from a moderately compressed ball with high elasticity. For tennis, a stiff racket and loose strings will produce the greatest elasticity of the ball because the racket if loose does not have great restitution as well as the strings do. Also the ball is highly compressed and has a lot of elasticity to it, to help propel it fast. An object propelled without spin tends to waver because of air resistance against the objects irregular surface. A small amount of spin on an object produces a stabilizing effect which tends to hold it on its line of flight. Increased spin will tend to cause the object to curve in the same direction as the spin because of unequal air pressure cause by the spinning. During the serve or contact with the ball spin is added to the ball to throw the opponent off guard. The effect of the spin is to make the opponent change direction very quickly. To cause an object to spin in the desired direction, the striking implement should be drawn across the object in the direction of the desired spin. Topspin is caused by an implement striking forward-upward. Backspin is produced when the strike is made forward-downward. In the serve topspin is added to draw the ball out or make it jump up. Backspin is added to make the ball fall short, so to make the opponent run to the net. Topspin causes a lower angle of rebound, a longer bounce, and more roll. Backspin causes a higher angle of rebound, a shorter bounce, and less roll. In the serve these spins are used to throw the opponent off guard and to make them make a quick decision and mess up. The effects on a vertical surface are different than on a horizontal surface. Topspin causes a higher rebound , backspin causes a lower rebound, right spin causes a rebound to the left, and left spin causes a rebound to the right. Tennis serve does not happen on a vertical surface at all. The serve is the most important part of tennis, it starts the game and sets the tone for the match. Many of the professionals today have mastered most of theses principles, and these principles can be seen by just watching a match by a valid tennis player. BiomechanicsThe Tennis Serve.

Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan The Great Man

Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan The Great Man Executive summary Leadership refers to the act of mobilizing people to pursue a mutual goal. Kouzes and Posner devised five practices that define an excellent leader. According to them, an excellent leader sets the way for his or her employees.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan: The Great Man specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Besides, the leader encourages employees to pursue a common goal, challenges organizational processes, empowers the employees, and inspires them to pursue the set goals. Sheikh Zayed is an exemplary leader who many people admire. During his tenure as the leader of the Eastern region of Abu Dhabi and the United Arab Emirates president, he mobilized people to improve the economic status of the Emirates. Sheikh Zayed went to the extent of sacrificing a number of privileges that his family enjoyed encouraging people to participate in developmental projects. Le adership assessment Competition in the business world is prompting organizations to conduct leadership assessment as a way of identifying and nurturing their future executives. As the majority of the baby boomers retire, organizations are turning to identifying various talents in their employees and working to prepare the employees to assume future leadership of the organization (Day, 2000). Organizations use different leadership assessment models based on the nature of the organization and the leaders they require. One of such leadership assessment models is MICEE, which is an abbreviation for Model, Inspire, Challenge, Enable, and Encourage.Advertising Looking for research paper on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to the model, an effective leader identifies the business strategies, inspires employees to pursue the strategies, challenges the employees, and gives them the capacity to work in thei r different areas (Kouzes Posner, 2007). Furthermore, the model asserts that an effective leader encourages employees to continue working hard. This paper will use MICEE model of leadership assessment to evaluate Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan’s leadership. The main reason why the paper uses this model is that it is easy to remember and remarkably comprehensive. The model identifies leadership qualities that are easy to remember when evaluating a leader. Besides, the identified qualities comprise of the factors that contribute to organizational growth. Hence, if a leader possesses all these qualities, his or her organization is sure of succeeding. Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan Sheikh Zayed was born in 1918 and assumed his grandfather’s name. In 1966, he was elected to rule the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. This marked the beginning of his leadership, which culminated with him becoming the president of the United Arab Emirates in 1971. He held this position until his de ath in 2004. His experience in the desert with the bedu tribesmen led to him initiating an afforestation program, which helped to stop desertification. Besides, he worked hard to ensure that his people have access to quality education, health, and social services. During his tenure as the president, UAE made significant development in oil, communication, and non-oil industries (Kechichian, 2010). He achieved this by encouraging people to work towards reviving economy of their country. Other achievements included building indoor skiing city in the desert and building the highest tower in the world. Sheikh Zayed was influential not only in UAE but also in the entire world. Through his leadership, UAE became popular and respected internationally. Messages of condolences delivered by numerous international figures displayed his influence.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan: The Great Man specifically for you for only $1 6.05 $11/page Learn More His political policies were entrenched in Islamic religion and he maintained that people had a voice in steering leadership of the country. To establish strong ties with other nations, Zayed made sure that UAE played a role in humanitarian aids across the globe. The use of national revenue to lay infrastructural development demonstrated his determination to change the country from a desert to an economic hub. Besides, he encouraged all people to participate in environment conservation programs. Despite his success, Sheikh Zayed encountered numerous challenges such as changing the global perception that majority of the terrorists came from UAE (Kechichian, 2010). Below are photos of Sheikh Zayed and the UAE. Assessment of Sheikh Nahyan leadership According to Kouzes and Posner (2011), a leader is effective if he or she is capable of setting the pace for others to follow, mobilizing his or her staff to pursuing a common vision, and challeng ing the processes that an organization follows. Moreover, an effective leader is capable of equipping staff with requisite skills to pursue organizational goals. For Zayed to be an effective leader, he ought to meet all the qualities set out in IMCEE model.Advertising Looking for research paper on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sheikh Zayed and MICEE Model Kouzes and Posner (2007) posit that an effective leader models the way for his or her subject to follow. A leader can hardly model the way without confirming his or her values. The leader then strives to inculcate these values in the minds of employees. To marshal support from the workforce, the values ought to be in line with organizational goals and vision (Valda, 2003). Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan gained popularity because of his ability to model the way and to marshal his people to help in economic development of their country. Determination to help the people of the United Arab Emirates started while Sheikh Nahyan was still young. He accompanied the bedu tribesmen to the desert to study how his people live and environmental factors that inhibit their ability to develop economically. The time he spent in the desert made him understand the importance of conserving the environment and promoting economic diversification (Kechichian, 2010). During his reign as president, he worked towards helping the UAE establish other sources of revenue rather than depending entirely on oil and gas. Inspire A leader cannot succeed without drawing all people towards a common vision. Bommer, Rubin and Baldwin posit, â€Å"To inspire a shared vision, a leader requires envisioning the future by imagining and believing in an exciting, highly attractive future for the organization† (2004, p. 197). Leaders need to be certain that they have the capacity to make the envisioned future a reality. Once leaders identify the latent future of their countries, they need to recruit their followers into a mutual vision that would help to make the future a reality. Leaders have to do it a manner that makes their followers realize that they are conscious of their interests (Dorfman Howell, 1997). The main reason why Sheikh Zayed managed to help UAE gain its glory was his capacity to mobilize people behind a common vision. After assuming leadership of t he Eastern region of Abu Dhabi, he abolished confrontation in decision making and installed a system that promoted consensus and consultation (Kechichian, 2010). Sheikh Zayed positioned himself as a person that had an unambiguous vision for his people and led them in pursuing the vision. One of the remarkable initiatives that he started in Al Ain was to revive the agricultural economy. He helped to clean water channels and, at one point, he participated in construction of new water channels without considering the exhaustive labor (Kechichian, 2010). Challenge Leaders require challenging the existing processes to make significant progress (Kouzes Posner, 2007). No leader can achieve organizational growth by maintaining the status quo. Leaders need to look for possible innovation, improvement, and growth to challenge the existing processes. One can achieve this by paying attention to customer feedback, taking heed to advices from clients, and accommodating employee opinions (Druskat Wheeler, 2003). In addition, leaders need to monitor their environment to identify novel processes, products, and services. Taking a risk to implement the identified processes would go a long way towards helping the organization increase its revenue. Sheikh Zayed sought to challenge the existing process by reviewing the region’s water ownership rights. According to Sheikh Zayed, equal supply of water would help increase acreage of cultivation in the region. To set an example, he relinquished the family’s rights. The initiative contributed to increase in revenue for people living in Al Ain (Kechichian, 2010). Eventually, the city became a dominant market for the whole of the United Arab Emirates. Apart from reviewing the water ownership rights, Sheikh Zayed also conducted a tree planting campaign in the region. Kechichian states, â€Å"Today, Al Ain is the greenest city in Arabia† (2010, para. 6). Enable Organizational success depends on teamwork. Hence, organi zational leaders ought to enable other staffs to act on organizational goals (Kouzes Posner, 2007). They attain this by promoting teamwork and building trust. Moreover, coming up with modalities that help employees to pursue organizational goals would aid in achieving the goals (Snow, 2001). As the UAE president, Sheikh Zayed believed in human capital as the ultimate source of economic empowerment. Hence, he used the Emirate’s resources to develop human capital. He believed that people were the main source of wealth and, therefore, both men and women required getting educated. Indeed, he helped women in the country to acquire leadership positions (Kechichian, 2010). Encourage Once a leader lays down strategies that empower cohorts to pursue organizational goals, he, or she acts in ways that inspire the cohorts (Kouzes Posner, 2007). For instance, the leader ought to acknowledge contributions that the employees make and to reward them according to their performance. Moreover , a leader may encourage the followers by establishing a system that promotes public recognition of employees that perform. This would encourage all employees to work in line with the established organizational values (Riggio Reichard, 2008). Sheikh Zayed encouraged the young generation to assume leadership positions in the country to continue witnessing the development their parents initiated. To set an example, he encouraged his sons to assume leadership in government institutions. Besides, when young men complained about unemployment in the country, Sheikh Zayed gave them jobs in the agricultural sector, â€Å"so that they might learn the dignity of work† (Kechichian, 2010, para. 9). Recommendation Based on research, communication plays a significant role in promoting organizational growth (Druskat Wheeler, 2003). Besides what Sheikh Zayed did to succeed in improving the economic status of UAE, one would require embracing communication. Through communication, a leader wo uld identify challenges affecting employees and organization in general; therefore, address them before they become severe. One would recommend other business people to set standards for their employees. Setting a standard for each employee encourages a healthy competition among the employees. In return, it promotes organizational growth since employees strive to meet their targets. Conclusion Kouzes and Posner posit that an effective leader models the way for his or her staff, inspires the staff to pursue a common vision, and challenges organizational processes. Moreover, they argue that an effective leader enables and inspires staff to work towards realization of organizational goals. Sheikh Zayed helped the United Arab Emirates achieve significant economic growth during his reign as the leader of the Eastern region of Abu Dhabi and the president. He led by setting examples and encouraging his people to participate in projects that promote economic development. Besides, he made su re that people gain adequate skills to help them assume leadership positions in the country. References Bommer, W., Rubin, R. Baldwin, T. (2004). Setting the stage for effectively leadership: Antecedents of transformational leadership behavior. Leadership Quarterly, 15(2), 195-210. Day, C. (2000). Effective leadership and reflective practice. Reflective Practice: International and Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 1(1), 113-127. Dorfman, P. Howell, J. (1997). Leadership in Western and Asian countries: Commonalities and differences in effective leadership processes across cultures. The Leadership Quarterly, 8(3), 233-274. Druskat, V. Wheeler, J. (2003). Managing from the boundary: The effective leadership of self-managing work teams. The Academy of Management Journal, 46(4), 435-457. Kechichian, J. (2010). Shaikh Zayed: The making of a great leader. Web. Kouzes, J. Posner, B. (2007). The Leadership Challenges (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Kouzes, J. Posner, B. (2011) . The Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership (2nd ed.). New York: Pfeiffer. Riggio, R. Reichard, R. (2008). The emotional and social intelligences of effective leadership: An emotional and social skill approach. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(2), 169-185. Snow, J. (2001). Looking beyond nursing for clues to effective leadership. Journal of Nursing Administration, 31(9), 440-443. Valda, U. (2003). What constitutes effective leadership?: Perceptions of magnet and nonmagnet nurse leaders. Journal of Nursing Administration, 33(9), 456-467.

Computer Will the cost and power of personal computers continue on the Essay

Computer Will the cost and power of personal computers continue on the current trend - Essay Example Some experts predict that there will be neural – computers in the future. This interface will transmit information between humans and computers directly. As such, humans will be able to interact with computers and communicate with them (Akass, 2008). The cost of personal computer is much less than what it was in the year 1977. Advancement in computer technology has brought about a corresponding reduction in the cost of computers. Moreover, computer hardware developers are attempting to produce a laptop that would be sold for a mere $100 in the near future. Students at the MIT are developing a basic computer that is to be sold for $12. These students are using the technology that was employed in the manufacture of Apple II (The History of the Computer: First PCs and the Future Computer Timeline, 2008). This simple computer is equipped with video – game controls for performing basic functions. The claim of these students is that they are building the computer with a view to making technology available to everyone. All this transpires, because the technology becomes less costly and consequently affordable. This enables manufacturers to produce computers at much lower prices (The History of the Computer: First PCs and the Future Computer Timeline, 2008). A personal computer runs on electrical power. It requires a stable supply of electrical power without any voltage fluctuations to maintain reliability. As such, power supply to personal computers is an important issue, which should not be overlooked. The stability of the PC is dependent on supply of uninterrupted power at the correct voltage. The power converting units in the PC convert AC power input to DC power output and supply it to the various components of the PC (Laing, 2008). The physicist Richard Feynman had proposed the concept of quantum computing twenty – six years ago. This proved to be a

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 10

Report - Essay Example Another reason why the people chose this kind of set-up is because of fast delivery of the item that they will be buying – they can immediately possess or take-home their purchased item(s). On the other hand, purchasing good quality products is also one of the concerns of the target market, and that is the area where Cash Computer Supplies is at par with its competitors. Cash Computer Supplies’ first year operations profited a low income because their market or buyers are very limited. The company only markets to the students of Memorial University and due to the University’s high turnover of students, it is hard to maintain regular customers on the student market segment. Closing down the business because of the above reason is not the solution to take because the company has a real potential in pioneering and leading the mail-order computer supply industry in Newfoundland. And also, opening up a retail store as a means to combat their competitors head-to-head is not a good option as well as this will only add them up overhead costs and carrying costs on their inventory. Cash Computer Supplies has the potential to compete in the computer supply industry in Newfoundland, it only needs a little re-organizing within the company management to be able to sustain and increase their market share. The several recommendations which are considerable are as follows: Continue on with the business, closing it down because of the unfavorable result from the phone survey is not a viable option. The company has great potentials which can still be enhanced if careful studies on the internal and external SWOT will be conducted. First, the company must create and establish its own mission/vision as this will help and guide them follow a certain direction and achieve a successful long-term goal for Cash Computer Supply (see Exhibit 1). By having a mission/vision, just like all other successful companies including their

The challenges an organisation may face in implementing a performance Essay

The challenges an organisation may face in implementing a performance and reward strategy - Essay Example Our motive at this point of stage is to ensure that each and every employee gives his or her level best for Pentangelli’s. In order to achieve this we have to organize the system. The initial stage would be to clearly divide the three brands under Pentangelli’s. Once having done that, we will authorize an individual person who will be responsible in managing each of the brands. They will be reporting to the highest authorities in Pentangelli’s. Doing this will help us to maintain a clear distinction in the three brands. After having done that we will be using performance appraisal, 360 degree evaluation to evaluate the employees. This will help them to get a clear picture of the employees. Once done, they can be asked to improve upon their weakness. In order increase their performance and productivity, they need to create a friendly atmosphere with them. Appreciation helps in motivation so hard workers would be rewarded. Finally creating a good social platform wi th the employees will help them get motivated and create a sense of belonging in the company. PENTANGELLI’S Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 PENTANGELLI’S 2 Introduction 4 Recommendations 4 Total Reward Management 6 Alignment 6 Employee Value 7 Cost 7 Conclusion 8 References 11 Introduction Having read the whole case of Pentangelli’s it is clearly evident that the brand gradually started crumbling after the fast expansions done by Luca. The management clearly could not handle the pressure of the growth. Our motive at this point of stage is to ensure that each and every employee gives his or her level best for Pentangelli’s. In order to achieve this we have to organize the system. The initial stage would be to clearly divide the three brands under Pentangelli’s. Once having done that, we will authorize an individual person who will be responsible in managing each of the brands. They will be reporting to the highest authorities in Pentangelliâ⠂¬â„¢s. Doing this will help us to maintain a clear distinction in the three brands. Recommendations As discussed in the introduction we will be dividing Pentangelli’s into three verticals. First, the restaurant in the five star hotel which will be run by Luca. There will not be any change in the management and Luca will be solely responsible for it. He will not be interfering in the other two verticals. The Bistro’s known as Take 5 will be managed by Tina as it has been doing very well under her expertise of public relations. Sean though he is not keeping well will be handling the Gastro Pubs. He does not need to be present there physically. As mentioned in the case study Sean had appointed managers in each of the gastro pubs. We need to ensure that these managers have thorough knowledge of the restaurant business. Preferably they should be having a background in hotel and restaurant management. (Cannell, 2007) They will be responsible for managing the restaurant. Sea n will be getting timely reporting from then as and when required. The managers will have the authority to take simple day to day decisions. Sean will only be prompted when some major judgment needs to be done. Sean can visit the gastro pubs whenever he wishes to and see as to how things are being run. This is the first plan of action. The next part will be performance management and a reward system. An organization is run by the employees. So in order to maintain the success, we need to ensure t

Role Of Culture In Food And Eating Habits Media Essay

Role Of Culture In Food And Eating Habits Media Essay The importance of food can be attributed to the fact that it is one of the most necessary and significant aspect of human life for its survival and well-being (Asp, 1999). Though the main function of food is to serve as an answer to hunger or physiological reasons, it also facilitates the process of security, status, emotions and influencing behavior (Hart et al., 2002). Food also serves as a symbol of social acceptance, friendliness (Cope, Frewer, Houghton, Rowe, Fisher and de Jonge, 2010). In a study by Mckenzie in 1986, he demonstrated that certain food choices define the level of group acceptance, societal prestige and allegiance. Food has various symbolic meanings attached to it, especially amongst Indian societies like cultural identity, religious functions, economic wealth and status, as well as expression of power (Hill, 2002). Eating and food habits relates to the persons history from the time of birth (MacFarlane, A., Crawford, D., Ball, K., Savige, G., and Worsley, A., 2007). With the cultural symbolism attached to foods, eating habits are usually passed on to children from a very young age, so that they can know what is good for them and what is not (hart, Bishop and Truby, 2002). Also, certain eating habits are related to traditional and familial sentiments and hence become a centric part of a persons life ( Remick, Pliner and Mclean, 2009). The food habits define a persons personality based on that persons traditional and cultural pattern (Barclay, Gilbertson, Marsh and Smart, 2010). The role of acculturation in food choices amongst international students Acculturation can be defined as process in which there is cultural and psychological change as a result of interaction between two different cultures (Sam and Berry, 2010). Present day researchers view acculturation as an on-going process which does not end by the dominant culture absorbing the traits of the minority (dela Cruz, Padilla and Agustin, 2000). According to different theoretical framework of acculturation, it is believed that over time the behavior, attitudes and habits of the immigrant population will get molded to portray the population that they have entered (Berry, Phinney, Sam and Vedder, 2006). The migrants step foot into the new culture with certain pre-formed assumption and their process of adjustment is characterized by the presence of essential elements of their culture as well as some of the new culture (Landrine and Klonoff, 2004). The process of acculturation related to food and eating habits is rather complex, usually involving a transitory phase between traditional habits and symbols to the ones related to the new culture (Unger et al., 2004). The immigrants food and eating behavior is influenced due to the differences in the types of food available and the change is usually brought about by modifying or substituting the diet (dela Cruz, Padilla and Agustin, 2000). Factors ranging from eating patterns, food selection and preparation, traditional beliefs of the immigrants, which can be influenced due to ethnicity, length of stay, socio-economic status, knowledge and skills, bring to light the varying levels of acculturation (Barry, 2001). Also, the change in the eating habits of the immigrants can be traced as early as the post First World War era, when people started moving to and from different parts of the world (Escobar and Vega, 2000). These group of immigrants took with them their traditional eating hab its, even established their own shops and restaurants, in the new culture, but the pressure of change faced by them eventually resulted in them having to alter their traditional ways of diet (Gans, 1997). Renowned anthropologist, Sidney Mintz (1994) argues about the change in traditional habits which was due to a shift from core-fringe-legume-pattern to those which have excess sugars and fats. He says that due to the presence of certain food options easily accessible than other, the immigrant groups find themselves taking those options like that of Coca-Cola. There have been some studies done on the effect of immigration on the dietary changes of these groups. These studies found that in certain groups, food habits formed the last aspect to undergo change while in a few there was a large degree of change that happened fast (Schmidt, 2005). In a study by Lundkvist et al., (2010), they talk about immigrants in European countries trying new foods during the early years of their stay, however a complete change in eating habits is not seen until late. There was a gradual change in the eating habits of these groups over years. In another separate study by Jallinoja et al., (2010) showed the degrees of variation in which these immigrant groups take up dietary changes and that in turn affecting their health. Also, it said that the varying degrees of acculturation usually differ with age, with the younger people more susceptible to change quicker than older ones. Conevey and ODwyer (2009) reported in their study about the varied popularity of specific foods amongst different ethnic groups. They found that chicken was popular amongst people of Indian ethnic origin in the United Kingdom. The difference was not much in nutritional value but in the levels of spices and flavorings, methods of cooking and accompanying dishes. Also, they pointed out a gradual decrease over time in this groups consumption of raw fruits and vegetables because of food safety issues. These studies bring to light the fact that acculturation of the immigrant groups depends on their cultural values, which can result in a gradual or rapid change. Acculturation studies on Indian students There are about 428, 225 international students in the United Kingdom and 39,090 students out of which are of Indian origin (UKCISA, 2011). India is the second most number of students coming in this country, only behind China (UKCISA, 2011). These Indian students come here to study in the colleges and universities. The immigration of the Indian students have picked up over the past 10 years, with a steady growth of 1.5% seen every year (UKCISA, 2011). In a study done by Hill (2002) on the food and eating habits of Asian students, reported that a large proportion of them gradually changed from being vegetarians to non-vegetarians over a period of five years post immigration. He also found that those students who stay for longer were more likely to undergo acculturation than those who are exposed to the new culture for a shorter duration. Fjellstrom (2004) reported that the acculturation of dietary habits in Asian students in the United Kingdom was evident from modification of food patterns, changing over to non-vegetarians from vegetarians as well their preference traditional or new cuisines Harvey et al., studied the relation between the length of stay in the United Kingdom and the food habits amongst Indian students. They found that those students who had been here for less than 2 years preferred non-traditional foods and those who have been living longer reported eating their traditional food more often. It was also seen that Asian students in the United Kingdom prefer to have traditional diet in social gatherings with other Asian students, where as the non-traditional foods formed a part of their typical daily diet (Mestdag, 2005). These above mentioned studies offer and insight towards the significant impact of acculturation towards food habits amongst Asian students. However, there have been very little research thus far on the food habits of Indian students in the United Kingdom. Role of culture in Food and Eating habits Nutrition, appetite, cultural and social context are seen as important factors affecting food and health choices (Locher, Yeols,Maurer and can Ellis, 2005).cultural representations is one of the main factors that is associated with food habits, which gets expressed in the type of food preferred by the groups(Seigworth, 2000). These cultural representations have been shown to determine the food, their handling and processing into acceptable and those that are not (Delind, 2006). McGinnis (1999) in his study talked about impact the culture-specific perceptions of food and eating habits on acculturation. Murcott (1982) had examined the British perception towards food, which suggested the way in which this affected dietary changes. She reported the difference in the symbolic nature of meals, i.e. cooked or proper meal, wherein a proper meal was characterized by consisting of meat and two kinds of vegetables, without any accompanying sides. She said that to the British women it signified the most important meal of the day, essential to be healthy and that it is be taken at home, thereby to light the meanings and ideas related to food and healthy habits. Hill (2012) reported in his study that people attached different cultural reasons to their food habits. He said that food habits can relate to a number of reasons ranging from nutrition, maintain social status, dealing with stress and tension, influencing behaviors and religious expressions. There is also separate belief that even though peoples food habits is largely individualistic, there is a degree of association to the cultural beliefs of what is acceptable and which are not (Barreiro-Hurlà ©, J., Gracia, A., and de  Magistris, T., 2010). In a separate story, Rozin (2005) mentions different determinants for food behavior and that culture and beliefs was one of them. He also said that cultural patterns was related to certain environmental conditions like geographical conditions, food availability and that social patterns were related to the support structure around in the form of friends and family. The food and eating habits of immigrations student showed an attachment towards transitional diet patterns, which served as psychological support during acculturations (Durant, 2011). Qualitative and Quantitative research have been used to understand food and eating habits, with quantitative research including linear measures to assess change and qualitative research used to understand peoples perceptions and attitudes (Bonnekessen, 2010). It was seen in qualitative study that female students tend to categorize foods into healthy and un-healthy ones, with the unhealthy option signifying the cause of increase in weight, depression, independence and the healthy options to indicate well-being, familial connections (Michels and Wolk, 2002). It has been seen that the food habits of Indian students are affected by various factors like culture, economic status, attitudes and knowledge and that are different based on the region, caste and socio-economic status (Guthman, 2008). Also in the context of Indian cultural beliefs, food is often considered as a source of pleasure and happiness and cooking as an important aspect of daily life (Brunner, Horst and Seigrist, 2010). F ood always has played an important part in the Indian culture, with eating and food habits dominating a major part of the life (Murcott, 2000). The Indian cuisine involves a complex process of preparation with consideration towards flavor, taste, color and spice contents, which epitomizes the Indian way of eating; and its way of preparation and enjoyment makes it a unique food culture (Edwards, Meiselman, Ragunathan and Lesher, 2003). One of the most important part of an Indian diet is rice, which is essential and important in their daily diet (Mckevith, 2004). A meal in the Indian culture symbolizes the occasion of family togetherness, where the whole family including the relatives and friends come together, making it an important sociable event (Christakis, 2010). The traditional daily meal usually would consist of the breakfast, lunch and dinner, wherein, the dinner forms the most important meal of the day (Meiselman, 2008). These presents a picture in which one can assume that acculturation and changing food habits for Indian students in the United Kingdom would be a difficult process, considering the cultural values and the knowledge and attitudes. Research has also shown that dietary changes can also be resultant of certain food availability, prices, peer pressure and new types of food (Benson et al., 2008). In order to study the acculturation amongst Indian students in Leeds Metropolitan University, the Food Patterning model (Mishra et al., 2006) and Trends theory (Berghofer, 2005). The Food Patterning model states that changes in diet is a two way process, one which persuades an individual to continue with the traditional form of diet and other opposing that state (Mishra et al., 2006). This model illustrates the association of foods to different cultural context, wherein the change in food habits runs parallel to an expanse between identity and taste as its end markers. According to Mishra et al. (2006), the process of meal composition by an immigrant involves a mix of traits of traditional foods along with those from the new culture, thereby indicating an effort to strike a balance between traditional identity and new taste. Also, they believed that even though the immigrants primarily donot change their traditional diet pattern, however it is not the same as before they came here. Berghofer (2005) in his study pertaining to acculturation process in immigration students, talks about two specific trends that are used by the students to understand dietary changes. One of which, termed as the secular trend involves understanding the change process as beneficial towards better western diet however, the other trend, termed as victims of progress trend, says that the change to westernized diet is not beneficial. However, as mentioned by Berghofer, the distinction between the advantages and disadvantages are more complicated and the study of acculturation rarely points out specifically to the benefits or shortcomings. These theories and models bring about certain interesting perspective about the acculturation process of the Indian students. In a study, it was seen that the immigrant students adopted new British foods like sweets, cakes while avoiding meats, beef (De Castro, 2009). In a separate study, it was reported that the male students lack of cooking skills due to the fact of not having cooked in India was one of the factors leading to change in food and eating habits (Shetty, 2010). Also, it showed that the increased Westernization of the diet amongst Indian students is seen as one of the factors for higher risk from chronic diseases like obesity, diabetes, heart disease (Shetty, 2010). So, based on these studies, one can argue that if these students fall on the Berghofers (2005) Victims of progress trend, as the change in dietary habits has been seen to lead to deterioration of their health status. These provided an useful insight in the acculturation process of the Indian students in Leeds Metropolitan University, considering the involvement of a wide variety of factors.

Why the Tsars Power Crumbled in March 1917 :: Russian Russia History

Why the Tsar's Power Crumbled in March 1917 Why do you think the Tsar's power crumbled so swiftly in March 1917? Nicholas II ruled Russia from 1894-1917 and was to be its final tsar. He ascended the throne under the impression that he would rule his whole life as it's undisputed leader. Accompanied by his wife, Alexandra, they lived a comfortable life of luxury while the country suffered around them. Nicholas was determined to rule as harshly as his father; however, he was a very weak and incompetent character who did not posses the qualities capable of guiding Russia through its time of turmoil. It was a time of great upheaval. Peasants were demanding that the land of the great estate owners be turned over to them because there was not enough land to provide food for all the villages. This caused the migration of many peasants to the factories. Russia's industries were beginning to develop and the number of people living in towns was increasing. These people were the urban working class of Russia and they were not as eager to accept the poor wages and conditions as the peasants were. For centuries, autocratic and repressive tsarist regimes ruled the country and population under sever economic and social conditions; consequently, during the late 19th century and early 20th century, various movements were staging demonstrations to overthrow the oppressive government. Poor involvement in WWI also added to the rising discontent against Nicholas as Russian armies suffered terrible casualties and defeats because of a lack of food and equipment; in addition, the country was industrially backward compared to countries such as Britain, France, Germany, and the USA. It had failed to modernize, this was to do with the tsars lack of effort for reforms. The country was undergoing tremendous hardships as industrial and agricultural output dropped. Famine and poor morale could be found in all aspects of Russian life. Furthermore, the tsar committed a fatal mistake when he appointed himself supreme commander of the armed forces because he was responsible for the armies constant string of defeats. While the tsar was off defending the country, a strange 'monk' named Rasputin made his way into governmental affairs. Because of his ability to ease the pain of the tsar's sick young prince, Alexandra gave him great political control in the affairs of state. Rasputin had dismissed twenty-one ministers and replaced them with men of great incompetence.