CJUS 410 DB1 Replies DB3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Beowulf Is Considered The Oldest Of The Great Poems Written In English

Beowulf is considered the most established of the incredible sonnets written in English, it might have been made in excess of twelve hundred years prior, perhaps the main portion of the eighth century. The epic Beowulf is the foundation of each story or film dependent on Action and Adventure. I found the story incredibly expressive and charming. There have been a lot of motion pictures and stories dependent on the storyline of Beowulf for instance Predator with Arnold Swarzenegar or even the comic book character of Batman. They all have a similar essential thought of legend that needs to battle a foe that is causing ruin. Likewise there is a course of events wherein it totally tells the life of the saint. Being that the story had no image it gave me a total visual of each example in the epic. For example, how the Monster Grendel, comes to torment Heorot, leaving fear in the lobby for a considerable length of time. The battle among Beowulf and Grendel is short however distinctive, Beowulf connects with the Monster when it breaks into the lobby one night and Beowulf murders Grendel by ripping his arm off. The enlightenment of the story can be tyrannical, now and again I would float of into my own musings since I viewed that it was taking as too long to even think about getting the point over. For example, Beowulf's troop came abroad like a cleared track, a way that maintained them in walking control. Their mail shirts gleamed, hard and hand connected; the serious shine iron of their defensive layer rang. So they properly showed up in their war graith and gear at the corridor. Such engaging composition as these will in general make me free enthusiasm for what they are stating and doing. I am certain however that in the past this was the best thing, considering they didn't have TV. All things considered I found the epic Beowulf engaging at its restrictions of clear portrayals. Being that it is believed to be one of the first legends in quite a while time and all things considered, it despite everything has the vibe of an advanced epic, for all to appreciate. List of sources none

Family Therapy for Troubled Teens

Family Therapy for Troubled Teens Theories Behavioral Psychology Print Family Therapy for Troubled Teens By Kathryn Rudlin, LCSW Updated on February 03, 2020 Bruce Ayres / Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In dealing with a troubled teen, parents may disagree about what is causing the problems or how to respond. Siblings often resent the increased focus on the teen whos having issues. Family therapy is proven to be an effective way to help the troubled teen and their family. Why Choose Family Therapy? Our families and their individual dynamics have a profound and lifelong impact on us. They are like their whole own social system, and certainly, along with peers, the most important influence. Involving the entire family in therapy for a troubled teenager can help deal with issues between family members, show the family how to relate to and support the teen, help each family member learn to change unhealthy reactions to each other and help everyone learn effective communication skills. Research continues to clearly show that family therapy is an effective treatment and that it has the power to quickly identify problem areas. Finding a Family Therapist Get specific therapist referrals from informed sources, including friends whove participated in family therapy, health care professionals, insurance companies, clergy, employee assistance programs and/or  professional organizations.  Make sure the therapist has specialized training in family therapy, and specifically in helping teens, such as a licensed clinical social worker or marriage and family therapist.  For family therapy to be effective, the therapist needs to be a good fit with the family, someone who is perceived as knowledgeable, helpful and able to engage your teen to talk openly. If this is not the case, ask the therapist for referrals to other therapists who may be a better fit.  ? Getting Family Members to Agree to Participate Explain to all family members that their participation is needed in order to help and support your teen. Provide reassurance that therapy will take place in a safe environment.  Ask each family member to commit to participating in an initial session, after which each person can decide whether to continue. A good therapist will work with all family members in the first session to gain their cooperation and continued participation. Preparing for the First Session Be prepared to answer the primary question that will be asked by the therapist, “What do you want to change?” Talk to other family members, especially your teenager, about their answers to this question as well. You also might want to make notes about when your teens troubling behavior started and any contributing factors you are aware of. Make a list of  questions for the therapist such as: What is your approach to working with families and why does it work?How long will it take to start seeing changes?What kind of success rate do you have?What can each of us do to help make this a positive experience?   Studies have shown that therapy is especially effective when the therapist uses a combination of approaches from different schools of psychotherapy based on the familys individual needs rather than just focusing on one approach. How Long Will Therapy Take? Typically, family therapy lasts two to six months, but it depends on each individual familys needs. Tougher cases may take longer.

The Matrix ( 1999, Lana And Lilly Wachowski Essay

The Matrix (1999, Lana and Lilly Wachowski) is an action filled, futuristic view of what the world would be like if artificial intelligence were to take over. The movie covers many of the issues associated with the human experience, such as gender equality, figuring out what is real versus what is an illusion created by society, and finding and then defining one’s faith. Much like every person in the world today the characters in The Matrix struggle with finding their faith, whether it be faith in themselves, a god, or an oracle. With an array of religious references within the film to Buddhism and Christianity, there is no wonder as to why religion and the various roles it plays in the plot is one of the most highly debated subjects of the film. Gregory Bassham’s article â€Å"The Religion of The Matrix and the Problems of Pluralism† is an analysis of the film through the lens of theological meanings and pluralism. This paper will explore Bassham’s use o f secondary evidence and transitions to make his claims of religious meaning and hidden pluralistic views in The Matrix believable and easy to follow, and how the effectiveness of his argument is weakened by its poor structure. To accomplish the feat of proving the existence of Christian, non-Christian and pluralistic themes within the film The Matrix, Bassham expertly employs the rhetorical technique of secondary evidence. Secondary evidence in Real Texts: Reading and Writing Across the Disciplines by Dean Ward and ElizabethShow MoreRelatedProduction And Release Of The Matrix Essay2220 Words   |  9 PagesProduction and Release The Matrix was produced by Warner Bros. studios, and released in the U.S. on March 31, 1999. It was written and directed by Lana and Lilly Wachowski, also known as the Wachowski Brothers. The principal cast included, Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne, Carrie-Anne Moss, and Hugo Weaving among others. During its opening weekend, it made $27,788,331 and it grossed $171,383,253. It won an Oscar for, best film editing, best sound, best effects (sound effects editing, and bestRead MoreAre There Actual Female Characters? Sci Fi?2012 Words   |  9 Pagesfiction have been overly-sexualized and objectified since day one. Though the original author was a woman, Sci-Fi has since been a boy’s world, full of men creating their fantasy women. In The Matrix, there is one lead female character, Trinity. She is a strong computer-programmer and hacker who escaped the matrix like the rest of her team, but something about her character is different from the rest. Though she appears to be strong and independent, she is also over sexualized in her appearance. In

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia - 1814 Words

Schizophrenia is a disorder that involves a variety of symptoms that can be classified into three overall different areas that affect a person such as cognitive, behavioral and emotional dysfunctions. Persons who are affected by Schizophrenia experience difficulties with impaired occupational or social functioning. These effects of these difficulties can be seen in nearly all areas of one’s life. Individuals who are affected by schizophrenia could display behaviors that do not match the situations; they could display inappropriate affect, may be dealing with a dysphoric mood or are disinterested in food and eating. People who suffer from schizophrenia may also exhibit deficits in memory, language or other executive functions. These deficits may affect individuals by having difficulty with being able to process their thoughts or feelings as quickly as others around them. A diagnosis of schizophrenia makes it difficult for individuals to interact with other as they have im paired abilities to understand inferred meanings in conversations or difficulty interpreting the meanings of the body language displayed by others. These difficulties complicate the already difficult task of interacting with others that those diagnosed with schizophrenia already have. Schizophrenia cannot be diagnosed through a simple blood test, by looking in someone’s ears, throat or with x-rays. There are some definite physiological differences noted in the brains of those with schizophrenia whoShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1176 Words   |  5 Pages Symptoms The symptoms of schizophrenia are wide and varied, typically falling into three main categories, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and cognitive symptoms. Each of these symptom types affect the patient in different ways, and in different degrees of severity. The symptoms may range from mildly irritating, to severe and debilitating. Positive symptoms are behaviors not normally seen in healthy people. Negative symptoms are behaviors that are usually exhibited in healthy people but areRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1671 Words   |  7 Pages Schizophrenia is defined many ways, but each definition of this disorder is correct. No two individuals will have the exact same symptoms of schizophrenia. The word schizophrenia comes from the Greek words that mean â€Å"split mind†. This disorder can lead to many other problems throughout a person’s lifetime. There are many different symptoms that can help with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, but each of the sym ptoms can also be contributed to other disorders. The symptoms of schizophrenia appearRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia904 Words   |  4 Pagessigns symptoms observed. Some of the disorders are caused by different factors and reveal divergent signs and symptoms which are depended on the field of the body infected. This paper purposes at critically evaluating and analyzing psychological disorder referred to as schizophrenia by demonstrating its symptoms and their occurrences. It will discuss the causes of this type of psychological disorder and possible diagnostic together treatments mechanisms of this kind of disease. Schizophrenia is aRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1077 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Schizophrenias is a serious mental illness characterized by incoherent or illogical thoughts, bizarre behavior and speech, and delusions or hallucinations, such as hearing voices (APA,2015). I choose to touch on the topic of schizophrenia because I always been interested the topic itself. The one thing I wondered is if there are different stages of schizophrenia and why it may be hard to diagnose. Schizophrenia is a mental disease that’s very hard to pinpoint in a person, whichRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1210 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Schizophrenia Symptoms. Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder which is characterized by an inability to distinguish what is real and subsequent abnormal behavior. Literally translating from the Greek skhizein and phrÄ“n meaning ‘split-mind’, schizophrenia is characterized by both positive symptoms, e.g. hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking, and also negative symptoms, e.g. apathy, Anhedonia, and deficits in executive functioning. The Diagnostic and StatisticalRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1153 Words   |  5 Pages 1 / 3 Cindy Tien 3-18-15 Per.6 Schizophrenia What is Schizophrenia? Can you imagine living day by day having to hear and see things that nobody else could? You feel alone, lost and different amongst other normal people. Believe it or not, approximately twenty five million people in America have been impacted by this disease called schizophrenia. What is schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is mental disorder distinguished by disturbances within thought patterns, attention, and emotions. UnfortunatelyRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia Essay858 Words   |  4 PagesSchizophrenia Over 2 million Americans suffer with schizophrenia each day. A vast majority of people diagnosed with schizophrenia suffer from hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and disorganized speech. Hallucinations are sensory experiences in the absence of external stimulation; therefore, people with schizophrenia may see people or things that are not really there and may even hold conversions or have relationships with these â€Å"people†. Delusions are false beliefs about reality. Someone withRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1569 Words   |  7 Pagesmental health professionals, Jaime was confirmed to have paranoid schizophrenia. Jaime was immediately put on antipsychotic medication, and after about 3 months of taking that medication, he started attending psychological treatment. He has been continuing with both procedures for about a year. Today, his medication dose has lowered and he has shown much improvement compared to when he first was diagnosed. Introduction Positive symptoms are behaviors that aren t seen in healthy people, people whoRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1049 Words   |  5 Pages The Effects of Schizophrenia Madison M. Sulak Dr. Linstrum PSYCH 2301 East Texas Baptist University Fall 2015 Pg. 1 A brain disorder can be triggered by multiple different things such as a stroke, abnormal growths, any type of viral infection, or cancer. There are countless types of brain disorders that people are diagnosed with daily. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, â€Å"Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disorder that has affected peopleRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1430 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Schizophrenia is very complex and â€Å"startling disorder characterized by a broad range of cognitive and emotional dysfunctions† (Barlow Durand, 2015, p. 477). It can greatly impact a person’s life in a negative manner: affecting physical, emotional, relational, and occupational health. The National Institute of Mental Health defines schizophrenia as a â€Å"chronic and severe disorder that affects how a person, think, feels, and acts† (National Institute of Mental Health, n.d., para. 1).

Business Law, Articles Free Essays

Incidents that could mean an existence of partnership: **share in profits and losses, equal rights to management, every partner binds the other partners, all partners are liable or debts except partners with limited liabilities, partners have a relation, dissolution does not terminate the partnership but continues until the partnership is completed again. 3. 7. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Law, Articles or any similar topic only for you Order Now Partnership distinguished from co- ownership Co-ownership – ownership Of an undivided thing or right belongs to different persons Difference of co-ownership and partnership as to†¦ Creation – co-ownership is created by law, it may exist even without a contract, while a partnership is created by contract. Juridical personality -? co- ownership has a separate juridical parties while partnership has none. Repose: co-ownership – common enjoyment of something or a right, partnership: profit Duration: co-ownership – 10 years, partnership: no limitation Disposal of interest (share in profit) – partnership: cannot dispose interest without consent of all partners, co-ownership: may freely do so Power to act with third persons – partner could bind the partnership, co- owner could not bind the co-ownership. Only one judgment against co- owners does not bind the other co-owners. Effect of death: co-ownership does not necessarily dissolve co-ownership, partnership: dissolves (A B greed to share 1000 pesos to buy a land that would be divided equally between them: co-ownership, because there is no agreement that it would be used for business purposes. ) 3. 8. Partnership distinguished from conjugal partnership of gains Conjugal partnership gains – formed by marriage wherein husband and wife place in a common fund the income from their separate properties Difference of business partnership and conjugal partnership as to†¦ Parties – business: voluntary agreement Of two or more, conjugal: husband and wife agrees Laws which govern – business: governed y stipulation (agreement) of parties, conjugal: by law Juridical personality – business: has separate juridical personality, conjugal: none Commencement (beginning) – partnership: from execution of contract (unless stipulated), conjugal: from celebration of marriage, stipulation is void Purpose – business: profit, conjugal: regulate properties of husband and wife Distribution of profits: business: according to agreement or in proportion to the capital shared, conjugal: divided equally Management – business: equally, unless one is appointed as manager, conjugal: husband’s decisions prevail Disposition of hares – business: may be disposed without the consent of the others, conjugal: cannot be disposed during marriage, even with consent 3. 9. Partnership distinguished from voluntary associations. How to cite Business Law, Articles, Papers

Shannon Rafferty Essays - Penology, Criminology, Crime,

Shannon Rafferty CAS 138T, Section 13 Instructor: Dr. Freymiller The Death Penalty The audience for this essay is the opinion section of the Sunday New York Times. This publication has a wide readership. The largest percentage of readers are between the ages of 35 and 44, and the majority of readers have either a college degree or a graduate degree. This essay argues for a question of value. The death penalty is an issue that has the United States quite divided. While there are many supporters of it, there is also a large amount of opposition. Currently, there are thirty-three states in which the death penalty is legal and seventeen states that have abolished it (Death Penalty Information Center). I believe the death penalty should be legal throughout the nation. There are many reasons as to why I believe the death penalty should be legalized in all states, including deterrence, retribution, and morality; and because opposing arguments do not hold up, I will refute the ideas that the death penalty is unconstitutional, irrevocable mistakes are made, and that there is a disproportionality of race and income level. The use of capital punishment greatly deters citizens from committing crimes such as murder. Many people's greatest fear is death; therefore if they know that death is a possible consequence for their actions, they are less likely to perform such actions. Ernest van den Haag, a professor at Fordham University, wrote about the issue of deterrence: capital punishment is likely to deter more than other punishments because people fear death more than anything else. They fear most death deliberately inflicted by law and scheduled by the courts.Hence, the threat of the death penalty may deter some murderers who otherwise might not have been deterred. And surely the death penalty is the only penalty that could deter prisoners already serving a life sentence and tempted to kill a guard, or offenders about to be arrested and facing a life sentence. (Death Penalty Curricula for High School) van den Haag brings forth the argument that capital punishment is the strongest deterrent society has against murder, which has been proven in many studies. "Since society has the highest interest in preventing murder, it should use the strongest punishment available to deter murder" (Death Penalty Curricula for High School). In a study conducted by Isaac Ehrlich in 1973, it was found that for each execution of a criminal seven potential victim's lives were saved (Death Penalty Curricula for High School). This was due to other possible murderers being deterred from committing murder after realizing thatother criminals are executed for their crimes. Ehrlich's argument was also backed up by studies following his that had similar results. Capital punishment also acts as a deterrent for recidivism (the rate at which previously convicted criminals return to committing crimes after being released); if the criminal is executed he has no opportunity to commit crimes again. Some may argue tha t there is not enough concrete evidence to use deterrence as an argument for the death penalty. The reason some evidence may be inconclusive is that the death penalty often takes a while to be carried out; some prisoners sit on death row for years before being executed. This can influence the effectiveness of deterrence because punishments that are carried out swiftly are better examples to others. Although the death penalty is already effective at deterring possible criminals, it would be even more effective if the legal process were carried out more quickly instead of having inmates on death row for years. The death penalty also carries out retribution justly. "Deserved punishment protects society morally by restoring this just order, making the wrongdoer pay a price equivalent to the harm he has done." (Budziszewski). When someone commits a crime it disturbs the order of society; these crimes take away lives, peace, and liberties from society. Giving the death penalty as a punishment simply restores order to society and adequately punishes the criminal for his wrongdoing. Retribution also serves justice for murder victims and their families. Some may see this as revenge, but this retribution is not motivated by malice, rather it is motivated by the need for justice and the principle of lex talionis ("an eye for an eye")

Boeing 700 Essays - Boeing 747, Airliners, Boeing 707, Boeing

Boeing 700 Essays - Boeing 747, Airliners, Boeing 707, Boeing Boeing 700 The Boeing 700s are very capable of handling duties in the commercial and military world. The Boeing 700s are capable of handling many tasks in the commercial and military world. With the introduction of the 707 in the late fifties to the most recent 777 in the early nineties the, 700s have dominated the commercial world for five decades. They are a line of aircraft that are capable of handling many roles from basic civilian transport to various military needs. They are the people movers of the 20th century. Each with a large carrying capacity combined with the range of a jet aircraft they have moved more people longer distances than what was once thought possible. Boeing has truly produced some of the greatest aircraft in history. The various duties that the 700s perform are quite extraordinary. It all started in the fifties. There was a growing demand for a commercial airliner that could move a greater number of people farther and faster. The age of the jet engine still had not reached to civilian transportation. There was still a fear of the jet because of lack of reliability, but with the advancement of technology the jet engine now had become more even reliable than the piston engine. The need for a jet engine powered plane was growing. Airlines still were looking for a plane that could cross the Atlantic Ocean without a refueling stop. The Lockheed Super Connies, a piston powered plane, were able to cross the Atlantic Ocean with out stopping on the eastbound leg, but they had to stop in Gander, Newfoundland to refuel on the westbound leg. The airlines desired a plane that could easily travel the Atlantic with out a stop. The piston engine just wasnt going to do it, the jet engine was the answer to the question. Boeing realized this and moved to look for a design for a j et powered plane. At first Boeing was looking to modify existing aircraft with jet engines to perform the tasks. They quickly realized that they needed a whole new aircraft. The Boeing 707 was born. The first Boeing 707 was delivered to Pan America airlines in May of 1958 (Bauer, 218). Sales started out slow in fact the 707 almost died many times in its first couple years of existence. It wasnt until Boeing modified the 707 by increasing the overall length, the wing span, and adding more powerful engines did the 707 confirm its place in as a commercial transporter. With the new modifications the 707 became a very capable aircraft, crossing the Atlantic Ocean became a routine affair. With the introduction of the 707 transatlantic travel doubled in two years (Bauer, 195). Airlines profitability soared due to the new capabilities of the 707 presented. The 707 began a new era and improved the way people are flown. The 707 being the first major jet airliner saw many applications and variations in its lifetime. There were thirteen variations of the 707, they varied in capacity, range, and speed (Wright,49). Each variation was designed to meet a specific needs of an individual airline. Some 707s could carry a larger capacity of passengers over a shorter distance, were as another variant could carry fewer passengers over a longer distance. With all of these variations the 707 left little room for the Douglas DC-8 which was once though to be a major treat to Boeing. The 707 could meet any need of an airline; this is one reason that made the 707 such a versatile aircraft and why it dominated the market. The 707 also saw plenty of action in uniform. Its most useful application came in the way of the KC-135 Stratotanker. It was modified to perform in-flight refueling task for the United States Air Force. The 707 saw a healthy lifespan as the KC-135, of the 735 units build in the early sixties 550 still remain in service today (www.Boeing.com). The 707 also had the very privileged role of presidential transport. As Air Force One it started its career in 1962 and served seven Presidents. It was only to be replace by one of its bigger brothers the Boeing 747. Another of one of its more interesting applications

How Long Should The Perfect List Post Be

How Long Should The Perfect List Post Be List posts, the stuff of magic. The staple food of Buzzfeed and social media and content marketing everywhere. Maybe Martin Luther started a trend when he nailed a list to that door. Readers  love lists. Content marketers love lists. But a Buzzfeed list is one thing, with its catchy photos, quick blurbs, and fast takeaways for the reader. How  about a long-form blog post, on a topic that isnt so fun and full of baby animal photos? Do list posts still perform even if youre not  selling Buzzfeeds brand of emotional adrenaline? 3  Unbelievable Reasons List Posts  Create Traffic Why are list posts so popular? Why is your social media feed either filled with Upworthy-type headlines or numbered lists? 1. List posts stir up curiosity. 50 Laws That Are Ruining Your Life,  5  Signs Youre About To Be Rich, 7 Ways To Lose Weight In Just One Week – I wrote these fake headlines and Im dying to know the answers myself! List post headlines tend to promise big with just a hint of the vague to make you wonder how such a promise could ever be fulfilled. A 2009 study by the University of Athens discovered that readers preferred a slightly ambiguous headline. In talking about the power of lists and this study, The New Yorker writer Maria Konnikova wrote  that people preferred headlines that were both creative and uninformative, like â€Å"THE SMELL OF CORRUPTION, THE SCENT OF TRUTH† or â€Å"FACE TO FAITH.† These were headlines that didnt give away the farm. You had to read the article to make complete sense of them. List posts answer the questions we have and the questions we didnt know we had. They do this with headlines that have just enough ambiguity to pull us in. 2. List posts are finite. As a reader trying to quickly consume content during the day,  a list post looks easy to scan or read. I can zip through the listed items, which are like mini packaged blog posts all on their own. I dont have to commit to the full post if I dont want to. I can just read the listed item (or even their headings) and be fine. The great Umberto Eco even wrote a book about how lists help us comprehend (and manage) the infinite. Lists are a powerful tool. They help us know there is an ending. They help us  remember it easier. We all like simplification. We like to know there is a beginning and an end. The finite is comforting. List posts simplify complex subjects. Readers like that.3. Lists bring order to chaos. There is a lot of information available. It is chaos, if you ever bothered to step back and consider it all. We have too many options, too many choices, and its harder to make a decision. This excessive choice sometimes leaves us unable to process any of it, a frustrated state of being called analysis paralysis. We want to have to think less, when faced with all of this choice, and list posts stand out. They are ordered, and orderly.  According to David Wallechinsky, co-author of the Book of Lists, lists help us in organizing what is otherwise overwhelming. 5  Expert  Secrets That Guarantee  List Post Success How long should your list post be? How can you make your list post as viral as possible? How do you get your list post read? 1.  The magic number for lists posts seems to be 25. According to the (fascinating) research on the RJMetrics blog, a list post of 25 is the number that gets the most hits on Buzzfeed. RJMetrics ran several tests to determine which posts were top in search results and which ones were shared the most. After the averages were taken, the winner was 25 (or thereabouts). 2. Odd or rounded numbers are best. In the same research, RJMetrics learned that numbered lists that ended with a 5 or a 0 received better traffic  (Oops.) This preference for 5 and 0 is backed up by a study done by Robert M. Schindler of Rutgers University. Schindler discovered that we prefer and understand those round numbers most of all. But wait. After studying 300 articles, online instruction specialist  Abreena Tompkins discovered that students learn better when things are grouped in odd numbers. She described how the brain best remembers no more than nine items in a group, with three or five being an optimal amount. According to Tompkins,  odd numbers work better than even numbers. If you’re going to give students a list of six things to do, make it one, two, three, whitespace, four, five, six. The brain responds to whitespace because the brain processes things in groups. Perhaps the takeaway here is that our brain likes simple groupings, and that for small lists, odd numbers are best. Once your list heads past nine, you should start aiming for the round numbers ending in 5 and 0. The best list post has an odd or rounded number in the title.3.  Successful headlines have  emotional words  in them. Merely assembling a list of items isnt going to get it read. You will always  need a compelling headline to sell it. There is still no getting away from the need to use emotional words in your headlines. You still must work on finding the best possible headline, even if you are writing a headline with a list number in it.  So is there a list post blog headline formula that works? Blogger Steve Davis came up with one: (odd number) (adjective) (mistakes/tips/insights/shortcuts) for (achieving/avoiding) (desired outcome/disaster) And then Davis wisely recommends you be cautious in using a formula because formulas are not where greatness comes from.  Good headlines are still good headlines, whether youre using the magic of the list post or not. 4. Use the actual number, not the word. I struggled, when I first started blogging, to abandon the AP Style Guide and use a numeral instead of the word in a headline. It still bothers me quite a bit, but thats the way online content handles numbered headlines now. Why do we write 10 Reasons instead of Ten Reasons? Lazy brains and character counts, thats why. We see and comprehend 10 better than ten. We can save a character or two when we use the number 3 instead of writing three. 5. List item content is inversely related to the number. Hubspot makes a great point  by stating that the best list posts have the right balance between list length and list item explanation. In other words, the longer your list is, the shorter the content under each item should be. A list post of five can get away with several paragraphs, but could you imagine a list post of 100 doing the same? Youd never finish!

Code of ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Code of ethics - Research Paper Example n the system give the example that others follow in conducting ethical behavior within the correctional facilities and outside as stipulated in the code of ethics. The correctional system just like any other organization is prone to gross unethical practices. This is more so because prisoners are more likely to be denied their rights by unethical prison officials, by assuming that they have no right to be treated right for being behind bars (Misha, 2006). The written code of ethics in the correctional system is thus highly important in ensuring that prison official, probation officers, and all officials within all ranks of the correctional system act within the required behavioral provisions, both within the prison facilities and outside (Justiits Ministeerium, n.d.). Ethics within the correctional system is not clear cut, which is why the written code of ethics acts as a guide of virtuous practices, traditions and morals required in the prison service. The code of ethics also acts as the guide within which to get rid of members of the correctional system who commit policy violation and who engage in criminal acts, the most reported being drug peddling to prisoners and sexual exploitation of prisoners (Misha, 2006). The importance of the code of ethics is also based on the need for members of the correctional services to act honestly, serve with respect for dignity and individuality of all human beings, and be committed to offering professional and compassionate service to all members of the public, including prisoners (Justiits Ministeerium, n.d.). The code of ethics promotes respect not only for prisoners but also amongst colleagues within the correctional system. The fourth provision of the written code is that members shall only make public criticism of their colleagues if they have constructive and verifiable evidence (ACA, 2012). This creates an aspect of respect and prevents events of malice amongst officials, which would be accompanied by vices of

Endowment Effect, Behavioural, and Standard Economics Theories Essay

Endowment Effect, Behavioural, and Standard Economics Theories - Essay Example Regardless of the participants’ immense experience in the real world market, he found out that the willingness to accept the mugs was nearly three times higher than the willingness to pay. This is an indication that even experienced negotiators are also susceptible to the endowment effect (Angeletos, Repetto, Tobacman, and Weinberg, 2001; p. 57). The result of these two experiments is similar indicating that the human brain makes a decision almost in a similar way and on the other hand, it is apparent to note that persons under the same environmental conditions often operate under the same constraints (List, 2004; p. 617). It should also be noted that the same constraints affect even those who have experience in certain fields. The endowment effect can be analysed using neoclassical or standard economics that is strongly built on the assumptions that ever turned to well established facts (Babcock et al. 1994; pg. 928). The most vital and preferred assumption is that all econom ic agents that include consumers, suppliers, and companies among others are fully rational and their visible hand works create market efficiency (Knetsch and Wong, 2009; p. 410). Rational economists often consider these assumptions a basic, logical, and self-evident; hence, they do not require any empirical scrutiny (Babcock and Loewenstein, 1997; p. 110). Materialism has also been identified as one of the forces behind endowment effect. Some people believe that the material they own is a central occupation that provides them with success and happiness. Using materialism to determine the existence of endowment effect, 317 first year students at Katholieke University Leuven, Belgium were subjected to a study. The survey provided a...This paper discusses the endowment effect, which can be analysed using neoclassical or standard economics that is strongly built on the assumptions that ever turned to established facts Materialism has also been identified as one of forces behind endowmen t effect. Analysing endowment effect through experimental evidence often leads to the behavioural economics that targets the analysis of new variables that are often ignored by the standard economics Endowment effect largely depends on behavioural decision making that analyses how people often make certain decisions. Behavioural decision-making is a vital field that is used by different other fields including psychology, political science, management, and economics among other Endowment effect is an essential element in economics since it causes conflict between the actual behaviour and macroeconomic theory that says that value of an object should be independent of the ownership The core behavioural economics depict realism of the psychological economic analysis that aims at improving the economics on its own terms including generating better phenomena predictions, generating theoretical insights, and suggesting better policies At the same time behavioural economics does not disregard neoclassical approach to the understanding and analysis of economics and neither does it reject utility maximization, efficiency, and equilibrium The understanding of standard economics is purely pegged on the understanding of behavioural economics without concentrating on the psychology of such concepts. In regards to human behaviour, standard economics model assumes that the actions of people are fully pegged on their full information on the action in question

Oliver Twist Essay -- Essays Papers

Oliver Twist A Criticism of Society or a Biography With all of the symbolism and moral issues represented in Oliver Twist, all seem to come from real events from the life of its author, Charles Dickens. The novel’s protagonist, Oliver, is a good person at heart surrounded by the filth of the London streets, filth that Dickens himself was forced to deal with in his everyday life. It’s probable that the reason Oliver Twist contains so much fear and agony is because it’s a reflection of occurrences in Charles Dickens' past. Oliver Twist also brought to light the evils of social injustice and the victims of it. During his childhood, Charles Dickens suffered much abuse from his parents. This abuse is often expressed in his novel. For example, while suffering from starvation and malnutrition for a long period of time, Oliver was chosen by the other boys at the orphanage to request more gruel at dinner one night. After making this simple request, the master (at the orphanage) aimed a blow at Oliver's head with a ladle and placed him confinement. As noted by Patricia Marks in her article on Dickens, â€Å"childhood experience and suffering had emerged as a significant new topic in romantic poetry, and Dickens was personally impelled towards it by memories of his own pre-teenage years when, with the rest of his family in prison and himself alone, he was thrown into manual labour.† Dickens was even quoted as saying, â€Å"I might easily have been, for any care that was taken of... Oliver Twist Essay -- Essays Papers Oliver Twist A Criticism of Society or a Biography With all of the symbolism and moral issues represented in Oliver Twist, all seem to come from real events from the life of its author, Charles Dickens. The novel’s protagonist, Oliver, is a good person at heart surrounded by the filth of the London streets, filth that Dickens himself was forced to deal with in his everyday life. It’s probable that the reason Oliver Twist contains so much fear and agony is because it’s a reflection of occurrences in Charles Dickens' past. Oliver Twist also brought to light the evils of social injustice and the victims of it. During his childhood, Charles Dickens suffered much abuse from his parents. This abuse is often expressed in his novel. For example, while suffering from starvation and malnutrition for a long period of time, Oliver was chosen by the other boys at the orphanage to request more gruel at dinner one night. After making this simple request, the master (at the orphanage) aimed a blow at Oliver's head with a ladle and placed him confinement. As noted by Patricia Marks in her article on Dickens, â€Å"childhood experience and suffering had emerged as a significant new topic in romantic poetry, and Dickens was personally impelled towards it by memories of his own pre-teenage years when, with the rest of his family in prison and himself alone, he was thrown into manual labour.† Dickens was even quoted as saying, â€Å"I might easily have been, for any care that was taken of...

Hiv And Aids In Africa Health And Social Care Essay

While there is no remedy, drug interventions can widen the lives of people with AIDS. It can be prevented by a committedness to poverty decrease, betterments in instruction, health care, nutrition and sanitation. AIDS is treatable and preventable and is under control in developed counties, but non in Africa.Background on AfricaMany of us know that Africa is a hapless, hungering state, but non much more. The legion states of Africa have been inundated with war for old ages which has left it extremely hapless. In fact, the one-year income is $ 400 – $ 700. It is out of the inquiry for a individual to be able to afford intervention. The bigger issue seen by the African authorities is famishment and has been the overpowering job long earlier AIDS appeared. Therefore AIDS instruction is non ranked high on their precedence list. It is estimated that bar plans reach less than one in five of those who need them ( Kaiser Foundation ) . Increasing demand for wellness attention services is overpowering. At the same clip, they are losing big Numberss of wellness attention workers to AIDS. In some African states, it is estimated that AIDS causes up to one half of all deceases among employees in the public wellness sector, . ( Kaiser Foundation ) . The African civilization besides plays a function in doing the war on HIV more hard. â€Å" Multiple sex spouses are expected as portion of cultural look, † ( Cichocki, 2007 ) , which increases transmittal because the parties are incognizant they are HIV infected.Summary on AIDSAIDS is an infection that is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) , which destroys the organic structure ‘s immune system. AIDS can be acquired in a batch of different ways and finally leads to decease. A few of the ways are being injected with used acerate leafs, infected blood transfusions, unprotected sex, and contact with a individual ‘s blood who has AIDS. In add-on, a female parent can infect her babe while pregnant, during bringing through contact with female parent ‘s blood or organic structure fluids, and after birth through chest eating. All of the literature points to the Sub-Saharan in Africa as being the most devastated by the disease with â€Å" more than 75 % of deceases were AIDS related in 2007, † ( Africa Action ) . The impact on adult females is even higher. â€Å" Women represent more than half ( 59 % ) of all grownups populating with HIV/AIDS, † ( Kaiser Foundation ) . This is in portion because of the cultural outlooks of multiple sex spouses and their low socioeconomic position. â€Å" A study from the United Nations says that AIDS will kill half of all 15 twelvemonth olds in Zimbabwe, Botswana, and South Africa by 2012 if something is non done shortly, † ( Cichocki, 2007 ) . Some of the literature estimates that in twenty old ages the population in countries of Africa could diminish by half. The impact on life anticipation is change by reversaling the additions made during the last century. â€Å" By 2010, life anticipations in several highly-affected states could drop to below 40 old ages, good below what they would hold been without HIV/AIDS and even below degrees they had reached in the pre-AIDS epoch, † ( Kaiser Foundation ) .Impact of AIDSAdvantages of chest eating in destitute states, such as Africa, are significant. However, these advantages must be balanced against the hazard of go throughing HIV to the babes through chest milk if the female parents have the virus ; unluckily the bulk of female parents do n't cognize that they are infected. In some countries of Africa, more than 30 per centum of female parents have HIV. If an HIV positive adult female takes no preventive drugs and breastfeeds so the opportunity of her babe going infected is around 20-45 % . Modern drugs are extremely effectual at forestalling HIV transmittal during gestation, labour and bringing. When combined with other intercessions including expression eating, a complete class of intervention can cut the hazard of transmittal to below 2 % . Even where resources are limited, a individual dosage of medical specialty given to fuss and pamper can cut the hazard in half. Testing is the first measure in forestalling HIV transmittal. Rapid HIV trial provide consequences in 15 proceedingss and supply information that allow preventive steps during childbearing such as cesarian subdivision and non interrupting the female parent ‘s H2O. However, supplying proving and drug intervention to everyone who needs it requires more clip and preparation than is presently available in most states. ( Avert ) Childs are being left as orphans because their parents are deceasing from AIDS. Even more astonishing is the fact that many of these kids will besides decease from AIDS. Often both of the parents are HIV positive in Africa. As a consequence, more kids have been orphaned by AIDS in Africa than anyplace else. As parents die and kids are sent to relations for attention and upbringing the family dissolves. AIDS strips households of their assets and income earners, doing the hapless poorer. ( Avert ) . Significant injury and adversity occur for kids affected by HIV and AIDS. The epidemic non merely causes kids to lose their parents but sometimes their childhood every bit good. As parents and household members become sick, kids take on more duty to gain an income, bring forth nutrient, and attention for household members. It is harder for these kids to entree equal nutrition, basic wellness attention, lodging and vesture. Fewer households have the money to direct their kids to school. As projections of the figure of AIDS orphans rise, there are treatments of an addition demand for institutional attention for kids. However this solution is non merely expensive but besides damaging to the kids. Institutionalisation shops up jobs for society, which is sick equipped to get by with an inflow of immature grownups who have non been socialised in the community in which they have to populate. In the last decennary, there has been a dramatic addition in the figure of immature kids who have died because of HIV/AIDS transmitted to them by their parents. The uneducated are four times more likely to believe that there is no manner to avoid AIDS and three times more likely to be incognizant that the virus can be transmitted from female parent to child. Hardest hit by HIV/AIDS is the on the job age population. The loss of these workers in bend affects Africa ‘s ability to react to the epidemic. AIDS claims the lives of instructors and contributes to serious instructor deficits in several African states. The instruction sector has been weakened through its impact on school attending and registration among kids affected by HIV/AIDS. Teacher shortages in African states have resulted as AIDS claims lives.Global AidFunding which is being provided is non plenty. â€Å" Experts topographic point the cost of incorporating the epidemic to be about $ 4 billion, † ( Cichocki, 2007 ) . There are four chief support watercourses: the US authorities initiated President ‘s Plan for Emergency AIDS Relief ( PEPFAR ) ; the United Nations bureau called the Global Fund to contend AIDS ; the private sector ; and domestic disbursement. The US provides about half of the support for the battle against AIDS through PEPFAR. But PEPFAR is under-funded, and it merely provides support to 12 states in Africa, go forthing three-fourthss of the continent out of the image. It is being revised t o extinguish the accent on sexual abstention and spread outing the usage of generic drugs. The Global Fund is criticized for taking excessively long for the money to make the people that need it. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation have provided the most significant of private contributions to the Global Fund.DecisionThere is an AIDS epidemic in Africa, specifically in the Sub-Saharan country and it is clearly non anyplace near to going under control. The chief ground seems to be that Africans are holding unprotected sex. Many people are non educated about the menace of AIDS so they have unprotected sex. It makes sense they do non believe AIDS exists and therefore, do non take steps to protect themselves from the disease. In add-on, the infirmaries are deficient and reuse acerate leafs and do non hold medical equipment to test blood for disease which consequences in septic blood transfusions. The epidemic can be helped if people receive instruction and medical intervention. Drugs demand to be available for everyone who has AIDS. The support to assist is going more focussed on what needs to be done so that AIDS can shortly be brought under control. The people need to be better educated about AIDS and what it can make to them. An full coevals is being devastated by the depredations of this disease.

Alzheimer s Disease And Dementia - 1329 Words

We’ve all heard of it. We’ve read articles about it and seen it on movies such as â€Å"The Notebook.† Most of us have family members or friends who suffer from it. So why is it that most individuals still don’t know what it is? According to the Alzheimer’s association, over five million Americans are living with Alzheimer’s disease. It is also noted that Alzheimer’s disease is the sixth leading cause of death in the US, causing more fatalities than breast and prostate cancer patients combined. With that being said, how many commercials have you seen about Alzheimer’s awareness? How many 5k’s and walk-a-thons have you seen advertised opposed to cancer awareness? My purpose with this paper is to shed light on Alzheimer’s and dementia disease and†¦show more content†¦The medical director will look at that person’s medical and family history, ask the spouse or family member for input about recent cogni tive and personality changes, conduct cognitive and physical testing and they generally get an MRI to examine the brain and rule out any other possible causes such as a tumor. Alzheimer’s disease goes through a variety of stages, progressively getting worse and more dangerous as the disease progresses. The first stage is stage one and these people have no impairment. This early in the disease they have no memory problems or at least any that are apparent to their caregivers or loved ones. In stage two, the person has very mild cognitive decline, which many would put along with â€Å"getting older†, these are known the early signs of Alzheimer’s disease. Some forgetful things that someone in stage two might display would be frequently forgetting where they put their personal belongings such as their purse or eyeglasses. In stage three people suffering from this disease will have mild cognitive decline, which could include problems remembering things or problems concentrating in situations such as a test or during a medical interview. Some more obvious symptoms that a loved one might recognize in stage three would be a personality change where the person seems to want to be alone or withdraw, being unable to recall current events or major historical milestones and difficulty performing tasks such as paying bills or

Symptoms And Diagnosis Of Bipolar Disorder - 1345 Words

Bipolar Disorder Definition Bipolar disorder is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. Bipolar disorder affects approximately 57 million adult Americans, (Bipolar Disorder Statistics, 2016). It is more common for this disorder to affect adults rather than adolescent, with the onset age being somewhere around 25 years of age. Often time people live with disorder without having it properly diagnosed and treated. There are no specific ways to diagnosis a bipolar disorder. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, course of illness, family history, and the ruling out of other illness that could be causing mood disturbances (Frequently Asked Questions about Bipolar Disorder, 2016). Physicians often turn to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder to properly diagnose a client in order to eliminate confusion of another mental disorder. There are four different levels of moods, including: Bipolar I Disorder, Bipolar II Disorder, Cyclothymic Disorder, and Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (BP-NOS). Each of these levels range from extremely happy, energized behaviors to extremely sad, hopeless behaviors. Mood shifts could occur as often as several times a week to only a couple times a year. Bipolar I Disorder is a manic phase of symptoms lasting at least seven days resulting in immediate need of hospitalization. Bipolar II Disorder is a shifting back of forth of depressive episodesShow MoreRelatedBipolar Disorder : Symptoms, Syndromes, And Diagnosis994 Words   |  4 PagesWe ask ourselves what causes Bipolar disorder and what the effects are. There are about approximately 5.7 millions Americans suffering from bipolar disorde r. Many people only have a surface understanding of the disorder that is garnered from television and articles in popular publications. 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Jessica was one of my friends from College, during college she was an outstanding student, she was always on time wi th assignments, no absences, and on top of the class. Everything in her room and study papers were extremely organized, but sometimes she last days with insomnia and cried without motive. Her parents’ divorce cause a terrible impact in her family, the doctors diagnosed her mom with major depression. After collegeRead MoreShould Bipolar Disorder Be Diagnosed? Children?1731 Words   |  7 Pages Should Bipolar Disorder be Diagnosed in Children? Emily Gell Brookdale Community College  Manic depression disorder, more commonly known today as bipolar disorder, is a mental illness that can affect any age, race, or gender. It is not prejudiced, and has a grim prognosis if the symptoms are not treated or controlled in some fashion. Bipolar disorder is, by Boris Birmaher as the presence of recurrent episodes of mania or hypomania with and without episodes of depression (BirmaherRead MoreBipolar Disorder1485 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar Disorder HCA/240 Toni Black Andrew Bertrand 11/21/2010 What is Bipolar Disorder? Bipolar disorder, is also known as manic-depressive illness, this is a brain disorder that causes unusual mood swings, energy levels are either up or down and your ability to function a normal everyday life would be a challenge to these individuals with this mental illness. The normal ups and downs that people experience who doesn’t have bipolar disorder is relatively different because withRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar II1373 Words   |  6 Pages Bipolar II disorder is a relatively common mental illness that affects upwards of 6 million United States citizens. This disease is very complex and often difficult to diagnose. What makes this illness clinically unique is that it is characterized by extreme mood swings that alternate between extreme highs and extreme lows. Bipolar II differs from bipolar I disorder, as that the high moods of bipolar II are milder than bipolar I, which means that bipolar II patients spend more time in the low depressiveRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Early Onset Bipolar Disorder1742 Words   |  7 Pages Early-onset bipolar disorder is a chronic mood disturbance that causes dramatic shifts in one’s mood that is uncharacteristic of their normal mood and behavior. This hereditary behavioral disorder causes mood swings from extreme lows, depression, to extreme highs, mania. It usually occurs in mid- to late-adolescence but can appear as early as elementary school. The unique symptoms of this age group are angry and aggressive outbursts followed by periods of remorse and guilt, declining academic performanceRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Mental Disorders1249 Words   |  5 PagesBipolar Disorder, also known as manic/depressive disorder once was a disorder that carried a severe societal stigmatism. It now has carries less stigmatism but is a disorder which has become difficult to diagnosis and extremely prevalent in today’s society. Due to the manic characteristic of the disorder it differentiates itself from the typical form of depression. Even though both depression and bi polar disorder can be due to an imbalance in brain chemistry and biology, genetics, or effected byRead MoreEarly Onset Of The Disorder952 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar, or manic-depression, is a mood disorder that is typically diagnosed during mid teenage years to early adulthood. Many people believe that mid teen years are the earliest a diagnosis can be made, however the disorder can be diagnosed in early childhood. Early onset of the disorder is often much more severe, and is harder to treat. The possible causes for early onset are similar to those of late onset. Symptoms are also similar, however those in early onset can be more serious. Diagnosis ofRead MoreBipolar Disorder1126 Words   |  5 PagesBipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder In the world today Bipolar Disorder Abstract This article reviews the current state of the literature on the assessment of bipolar disorder in adults. Research on reliable and valid measures for bipolar disorder has unfortunately lagged behind assessment research for other disorders, such as major depression. We review diagnostic tools, self-report measures

Hiv / Aids Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome - 775 Words

HIV/AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a devastating disease, the scope and depth having no boundaries, permeating into many areas of the world, oblivious to social class, lifestyle, or culture. Initially reported in 1981, HIV/ AIDS rapidly spread and by 1987, 100 countries conveyed the presence of HIV/AIDS. (Maurer Smith, 2009). â€Å"By 2001, it was the leading infectious cause of death in the world, killing almost 3 million people, and by 2002, approximately 5 million people were infected with HIV, including 2 million women and 800,000 children younger than 15 years of age† (Maurer Smith, 2009, p. 121). With advancements in health care, â€Å"the number of people living with AIDS continues to increase† (Shi Singh, 2013, p. 532). In a global summary of the AIDS epidemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that in 2014, 36.9 million people were living with HIV; 2 million people were newly infected, and 1.2 million people died resultant of AIDS related complications (World Health Organization [WHO], 2015). How Countries Around the World are Faring â€Å"While some countries have made impressive gains in achieving health-related targets, others are falling behind. Often the countries making the least progress are those affected by high levels of HIV/AIDS, economic hardship or conflict† (Millennium Development Goals, 2015, p. 1). 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Accredited with 10% of the HIV cases annually is injection drug use (AIDS.gov, 2014). A study done in 2010 showed that injection drug use affected nearly 47,500 new HIV infections in the United States. With 625 being males and 38% being female. Breaking it down even further, African Americans made up 50% of the newly affecting using injection drugs, Whites 26%, and Latinos/ HispanicsRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( Aids )1449 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) /Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is present around the world. HIV weakens the body’s immune system by attacking its defences against diseas e this later develops into AIDS which causes for the body to be unable to fight of illness and diseases it usually could (Afao.org.au, 2015). Chad a country of Sub Saharan Africa has an estimated 210,000 people living with HIV/Aids. 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Of those 1.1 million people, aboutRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus Infection And Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( Hiv / Aids )898 Words   |  4 Pages Pathogenic Agent Identified Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) Virus after the infection of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the immune system is damaged so the body become targets of many opportunistic diseases, which called syndrome, rather than just a type of disease. [1] History of Pathogenic Agent The clinical of AIDS was first observed by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1981. 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AIDS was announced to the world in 1980. It is highly believed that this illness began in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo. Prior to this time, it is undetermined of the number of people infected developed AIDS orRead MoreAIDS, which stands for acquired immune deficiency syndrome, has been a worldwide issue for many800 Words   |  4 PagesAIDS, which stands for acquired immune deficiency syndrome, has been a worldwide issue for many years. People of all ages have been affected by this syndrome, from newborns to young teens, all the way to adults going all the way through their seniority. Individuals with the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome have had many obstacles to deal with. Some of which are problems not only having to do with their health, but also with the relationship that they have wit h the people around their communityRead MoreHistory Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome1272 Words   |  6 PagesThe history of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome in the United States starts in 1981, the year it became recognized by country as an official new strange disease. By 1982 it was recognized as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). It started in San Francisco, with five young homosexual men, they were presented with Pneumonia (PCP). As the year went on there were more reports of homosexual men presenting PCP and some of them were diagnosed with PCP and Kaposi ´s Sarcoma (KS). Others reports

Airline Differentiation Free Essays

Airlines Differentiation In the world of airlines there is a huge market for varies airlines that offer different services to the customers to gain the competitive advantage. In the following article we will outline the differences between airlines like: â€Å"Emirates airline†, â€Å"Qatar† and â€Å"Air Arabia†. Those airlines will mainly differ in following criteria’s: †¢ Price is one of the most important differences that airlines would have among each other. We will write a custom essay sample on Airline Differentiation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Looking at Emirates that has competitive pricing to the rest of its rivals in similar service quality we can say that services of the airline would affect the difference in price among the airlines. This example shows us that Qatar Airlines as it is the first Five Star Airline that offers premium services would differ in price compare to Emirates. Customers can choose what quality of service they would receive according to the price they want to pay. That’s why we thing that airlines can be split in to three separate press categories according to the service they offer. Emirates would fit in the middle price category compare to Qatar Airlines which offers superior service for a superior price. The last category of price range we would consider Air Arabia as it has the minimum possible service but also has the lowest price range for varicose destinations (An example: Emirates offers return flight to Bangalore from 20th December till 23d December for 2640dhs. , Qatar offers the same flight for 2350dhs, Air Arabia offers for 790dhs). †¢ In flight service would show the biggest difference among the three airlines. Looking at Emirates and Qatar airline we can see that inflight service at Qatar would be Five Star class compare to Emirates four star. For example Qatar would offer its Five Star Award winning wines and champagnes to attract customers with is superior inflight entertainment system while sited in De Luxe seat. Looking at Emirates which service would differ as Emirates sets out lower standards for its guests compare to Qatar. However Emirates still can compete with is good dinning quality on board that offers maximum possible value for money accommodated by friendliness from the inflight crew well established entertainment system. One of the main differences of Emirates compared to the rest of the airlines is that Emirates has on board inflight shower system which none of ther airlines have in the world. Looking at the basic service that is offered by Air Arabia we can see that this Airline mainly offers flight to the final destination without any extra in price services. There is no entertainment system on board seats are very small and food has to be paid extra if wanted. So as we can see Air Arabia would fit in to the lowest service range as it offers it services to economic class passengers. †¢ Looking at convenience we can say that Emirates and Qatar airlines try to offer maximum possible comfort for its passengers that includes pick up and drop service for its premium passengers. Emirates airline has a slight advantage in convenient offering worldwide lounges for its premium class travelers which Qatar Airways doesn’t. For the convenience of the passenger airlines like Emirates and Qatar offer online check in that allows the customer to print out its boarding pass and just hand in the luggage in the airport. Compare to the big airlines Air Arabia has to offer its availability for smaller destination types that are not served by the big airlines (Example: Destination range of Emirates over 100 destinations same as Qatar, however Air Arabia currently fly to 65 destinations only). Safety plays an important role for all three airlines as all of those airlines above want to create a good reputation with high safety standards for its travellers. There is minimum any safety regulations among the three airlines as they don’t spare any cost when it comes to keeping its customers safe. Only Emirates has additional insurance policy which provides 1 million dollars in case of death. Reference: http://www. airarabia. com/crp_1/pr-faqsstitle=pr-faqspid=127 http://www. emirates. com/ae/english/destinations_offers/route_maps/route_map. aspx http://www. qatarairways. com/ae/en/ceo-message. page How to cite Airline Differentiation, Essay examples

Corporate Governance and Risk Reporting Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Describe the actions taken and behaviour displayed by Senior Management throughout this saga in terms of Enterprise Risk Management. 2.Show me a companys various compensation plans, and Ill show you how its employees behave - Jack Welch, Former CEO of General Electric Examine the key areas of concern in TABs remuneration plan. 3.Critically evaluate the actions taken by ASIC throughout the course of the financial planning scandal, while highlighting difficulties ASIC might have faced during its investigations. 4.The media played an important role in exposing the fraud in TAFP. Discuss the role of the media in promoting good governance. Are there factors which limit its effectiveness? 5.Briefly discuss the importance of a good whistleblower protection policy. Do you think the policy Sufficiently protected Bloe and his fellow whistle blowers? 6.TAB had an Excellent reputation amongst its Customers but TAFP severely damaged it. Answers: Introduction Corporate governance is a set of mechanisms, processes and practices by which a company is directed and controlled. It involves taking into consideration the interests of all the stakeholders of the company such as shareholders, managers, employees, clients and directors, thus it is faced with the challenge of having to align these interests (Acharya et al, 2013). Corporate governance lays out the duties and responsibilities of all participants in a corporation and monitors their actions in compliance to its principles. Governance structure includes a set of rules, regulations and procedures regarding all the affairs of the company. 1.Enterprise risk management is the manner in which an organizations activities are planned, organized and controlled in an attempt to minimize potential loss in its capital investments and earnings (Brustbauer, 2017). The senior management of Terra Australis Bank (TAB) is fraudulent and unprincipled as it has provided management protection to some of the employees who are dishonest in their actions, for example Don. It also does not take into account complaints brought to it by the other employees of the bank who do not hold a high title. Some of the top leaders for example the banks Chief Executive Officer Sam Venus have remained inconspicuous meaning that they do not want to directly get involved in the operations of the bank. This has led the bank into a very risky position, reducing its earnings and almost losing its customers. The risks involved include: Financial Risk This is a possibility of loss of monetary resources and uncertainty about their extent. TABs clients experience a loss in their finances which are subjected to high risk investments, even during the apparent state of financial meltdown. The management of the bank could have avoided this type of risk by formulating better remuneration strategies for example basing amounts of bonuses and commissions received to the number of clients served (Berger et al, 2016) There should also be monitoring of employees actions and behavior as an internal control system and reviewing all analytical reports. Operational Risk There is clearly a failed system of operation in TAB which has and will continue to bring losses if not rectified. To mitigate this risk, the banks management should have clear set of principles and standards of operation and encourage their employees to follow them to the latter, failure to which there should be some kind of punishment Sam Venus Being in the position of Sam Venus, the CEO of TAB, I would have taken the first step of correcting the banks mistakes by issuing a public apology as well. I would not have stopped there, however due to the damaged reputation of the bank and lack of customer satisfaction. In addition to the compensation plan, I would set up a bank mission statement in an attempt to restore the damaged employee-customer relationship. In this exercise however, I would involve all the employees and value their opinion so that each one of them would be more willing to follow them and do their best in their work for their good and the good of the bank. The results of employee involvement would be to ensure that they will do the right thing even when no one is watching. I would set up a well-developed compliance culture to encourage the employees to comply with the rules and regulations of the law as well as those of the respective department and the bank as a whole. Clients concerns would be the central focus of the bank as a service providing entity. The relationship between the employees and the clients would be based on trust and understanding. Lastly, I would set up a risk response strategy to ensure that the clients money would no longer be invested in high risk projects which may not have high returns. In other words, I would devise strategies that focus on returns rather than risk. I would ensure there are regular committee meetings involving an expert who would help us understand how the risk response strategy is working and whether we are making efforts towards achieving our goals in responding to risk appropriately. There would be continued inspection and monitoring of the risk environment and performance of the risk mitigation strategy (McShane et al, 2011). 2.TABs remuneration plan has focused too much on risk instead of the returns received from the clients investments. The amount of commission and bonus payable is directly proportional to the risk involved. This means that the higher the risk, the more the bonus payed to the employees who then respond by advising their clients to invest in highly risky projects whether or not they have high returns. This compensation strategy is not effective in the least bit because the employees do not thoroughly assess the risk levels of an investment asset before investing in it. This has severely damaged the relationship between the employees and clients developing mistrust thus ineffectiveness in the banks overall operation. Being in the management position of the bank, I would focus more of the employees attention on returns on investment and number of clients well served. TAB has instilled in its employees an ambitious sales-driven culture which is quite aggressive and builds competition instead of cooperation among the employees. Each employee is individually focused on being the best and meeting his or her sales target without any care about who gets negatively affected in the process. The bank is encouraging on win-lose culture thus there is no cooperation among the employees of between the employees and the clients. This basically means that the bank cannot grow as a whole. I would insist more on cooperation and relationship building if I was in a leadership position in the bank. 3.Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) clearly does not carry out its activities until complaints are extended to them. Even then, the commission is very slow in its response and when it does respond, it is only to a small fraction of the complaints it has received. When Joe Bloe and Mary Jones took their concerns to ASIC, for example, they were brushed aside. ASICs first response to the scandal was in 2010 after several clients had suffered loss of their finances. The commission asked for the clients files to be handed over by the wealth management division of TAB, TAFP. It pressured the bank to devise a compensation scheme for payment to the affected clients but did not follow up on that in that the clients received minimal amounts. It also carried out an assessment of the risk management systems of the bank. Other than the above actions, ASIC did not do anything further to respond to complaints. its investigation of the scandal which include. Lack Of Good Financial Records Some of the files were missing while others had been sanitized meaning that there was not a well laid-out financial recording system. Therefore, there would not be physical evidence of the misconducts of the management. Uncompliance By The Management TAFPs management would be unwilling to cooperate with ASIC during the investigation because they are well aware that they are fraudulent and dishonest. 4.The media acts as a watchdog: It publicizes all information acquired by the personnel, creating public awareness and therefore protecting the interests of the latter from malpractice. It exposes any dubious actions by an organization which changes peoples perspective. This ensures that services are provided in the correct manner. Media has played an important role in reducing the communication gap thus every person is able to acquire the latest available piece of information. Its effectiveness has however been limited by various factors including: Spread of rumors: This occurs especially in social media where there is no prior thorough investigation before reports are produced. This reduces its effectiveness because misleading information may be spread to the public who then may lose trust in the media when truth finally comes out. Lack of follow-up: Media is mostly concerned with telling a story and not actually following up on it. In social for example, various participants post their concerns and if only a few people are interested in what they have to say or if that information does not reach the right people then that is the end of it (Bebchuk et al, 2009). Yes. Social media plays an important role in enterprise risk management as it provides organizations with insight in changes in consumer tastes and preferences. The media also is not hesitant in exposing fraud in an organization. Many organizations are therefore forced to make smart risk management strategies due to the fear of losing their reputation and comply with the rules and regulations of the respective country. 5.A good whistleblower protection policy ensures that whistleblowers, those individuals who bring to light possible wrongdoings in an organization are protected, which leads to effective management (McCahery et al, 2016). It also ensures that employees adhere to the organizations principles and offer an opportunity for resolving issues internally. Furthermore, it improves ethics in the organization and may bring about fairness. In TAB the policy did not protect the whistleblowers because of the unprincipled and dishonest management. All their concerns fell into deaf ears of both the banks management and ASIC. It was not until their complaints came out to the general public that they were addressed. Recognition to whistleblowers whose concerns are investigated and found out to be the truth. This could include rewarding them by promotion or increase in their salaries as a way of encouraging others to come forward with their concerns. Verification of these complaints must be done however, to ensure that they are credible. 6.Organizations face various challenges in their attempt to promote good governance, compliance and ethics. These include: Lack of transparency: For the principles of an organization to apply to the whole group there must be free flow of information. This is however seldom the case due to lack of a good whistleblower protection policy which may lead to misconduct and ineffective corporate governance. Lack of participation in decision making: If employees are not given a chance to participate in the decision making process of the company, they often feel left out and are therefore adamant on following the policies made (Berger et al, 2016). Unresponsiveness by some departments: Some department managers are very slow in reacting to issues brought to them by the employees, while some might just brush them off. This disrupts the ease of the flow of the governing system. Employment: It would be impossible to identify people who are more likely to comply to the companys ethics while recruiting without first having them onboard. Conclusion Good governance involves having a well-developed risk management system, ethics and compliance system as well as a remuneration system that promotes cooperation and relationship building among the employees. It involves good decision making practices to develop a set of corporate standards and principles for guidance. References Acharya, V. V., Gottschalg, O. F., Hahn, M., Kehoe, C. (2013). Corporate governance and value creation: Evidence from private equity.Review of Financial Studies,26(2), 368-402. McCahery, J. A., Sautner, Z., Starks, L. T. (2016). Behind the scenes: The corporate governance preferences of institution. Bebchuk, L., Cohen, A., Ferrell, A. (2009).What matters in corporate governance?.Review of Financial studies,22(2), 783-827.al investors.The Journal of Finance. Tricker, R. B., Tricker, R. I. (2015).Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA. Berger, A. N., Imbierowicz, B., Rauch, C. (2016). The roles of corporate governance in bank failures during the recent financial crisis.Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,48(4), 729-770. Saggar, R., Singh, B. (2017). Corporate governance and risk reporting: Indian evidence.Managerial Auditing Journal,32(4/5). Gordon, L. A., Loeb, M. P., Tseng, C. Y. (2009). Enterprise risk management and firm performance: A contingency perspective.Journal of Accounting and Public Policy,28(4), 301-327.6), 521-531. Florio, C., Leoni, G. (2017). Enterprise risk management and firm performance: The Italian case.The British Accounting Review,49(1), 56-74. Olson, D. L., Wu, D. D. (2017). Data Envelopment Analysis in Enterprise Risk Management. InEnterprise Risk Management Models(pp. 105-117). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. McShane, M. K., Nair, A., Rustambekov, E. (2011). Does enterprise risk management increase firm value?.Journal of Accounting, Auditing Finance,26(4), 641-658. Brustbauer, J. (2016). Enterprise risk management in SMEs: Towards a structural model.International Small Business Florio, C., Leoni, G. (2017). Enterprise risk management and firm performance: The Italian case.The British Accounting Review,49(1), 56-74.Journal,34(1), 70-85.

The Tennis Serve Essay Example For Students

The Tennis Serve Essay The tennis serve is the stroke that puts the ball in play and is often referred to as the most important stroke in the game of tennis. It has become a principle weapon of attack and is used to place the opponent on the defensive by forcing a return from the weak side or by moving the receiver out of position. A good strong serve can sometimes be the basis of winning a game of tennis. I have included eight picture sequences to illustrate the tennis serve. Represented in picture A is the stance of the serve. In this part of the serve, the person needs to take a position sideways to the net, about three or four feet to the right center mark behind the baseline. The left foot is two to three inches behind the line, the toes pointing toward the net post. The back foot is parallel to the baseline and spread conformably from the front. We will write a custom essay on The Tennis Serve specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Pictures B and C represent the preparation phase. In these pictures, the execution of the ball toss is performed. The ball toss is the key to a well-executed serve: a good release consistently places the ball in the proper hitting position. A poor release can throw off timing and ultimately cause a bad serve. In pictures D-F the action phase is represented. In picture D of the action phase, the elbow reaches a position slightly higher than the shoulder, then the elbow bends and the racket head drops down behind the back into what is called the back scratching position. In picture E, the ball should be at its maximum height of the toss before striking it. In picture F, the last of the action phase, the movement of striking the ball is explosive in an upward and forward motion until contactPictures G and H represent the follow through. In the follow through the action is performed up and out, not down, in the direction of the intended target area. The follow through is a natural continuation of the stroke. A good follow through will help prepare for the next step in approaching the net for a return. Kinematics is defined as the study of motion. It is compiled of different bodily planes and different joint motions. In the beginning of the serve, during the stance (picture A), the feet are outwardly rotated. The hips and the trunk are extended. The left shoulder is slightly flexed along with the right shoulder and the shoulder girdles are slightly abducted. Both of the wrists are pronated with the elbows slightly flexed. During the preparation (pictures B and C) the feet are still in an outwardly rotated position. The hips slightly abduct with the trunk still in full extension. The shoulders are abducted, with slight elevation of the shoulder girdle. Both elbows are extended, but the right wrist stays in a pronated position and the left wrist is supinated. During the action (pictures D-F) the right foot inwardly rotates along with it performing planter flexion but the left foot stays in an outwardly rotated position. The hips are adducted but then they shift to abduction. The trunk starts in hyperextension then get fully extended and slightly rotate to the left. Both knees flex but the left knee extends while the right knee stays flexed. The left shoulder goes from flexion to extension while the right shoulder performs high diagonal adduction. The left elbow goes from extension to flexion and the right elbow goes from flexion to extension. The left hand goes from supination to pronation while the right hand stays in a pronated position. Finally, during the follow through (pictures G and H) the left foot inwardly rotates along with some planter flexion. The right foot inwardly rotates and goes back to a naturally flat position. Both hips are flexed along with the flexion of the trunk and its rotation. The left shoulder remains in an extended position but the right shoulder follows through with the high diagonal adduction, while both shoulder girdles perform abduction. The right elbow slightly flexes but the left elbow extends. The knees go from flexion to a greater degree of flexion. The kinematics of the tennis serve is a complicated thing, it consist of many laws and principles. One law is the law of inertia and the principles deal with motion, force and projectiles. These laws and principles can be applied to a skill, for example the tennis serve. The first principle deals with stability. This principle consist of smaller groups dealing with mass, friction, height of the center of gravity, position of the center of gravity, and base of support. The mass of the person in pictures A through H is of a certain weight. This mass or weight throughout the serve is considered to be constant. This observation is made because during the tennis serve the person performing the serve cannot gain or loss mass during the serve. Friction can be a major factor in a sport or game. The type of footwear available can help an althea to the point of better counter force when jumping or better traction for different surfaces. A tennis shoe does not need to have great counter force because there is not a lot of jumping but traction is important because of different surfaces like clay, grass, and concrete. Each surface performs differently for each athlete so there should be a traction on the shoe to benefit sprinting forward but also being able to move side to side. Height of center of gravity is one important factor in good equilibrium. In the stance position of the tennis serve (picture A), the height of gravity is in the middle around the navel. This remains constant through the prep phase (picture C), but when the action phase starts (pictures D F) the height of gravity moves up with the extension of the racket arm and trunk. Then in the follow through (picture G, H) height of gravity starts to go down because of the descending motion of the racket arm and trunk. Position of center of gravity is another important part in good equilibrium. In the stance position of the tennis serve (picture A) the position of gravity is about two inches above the belt. Then in the prep phase (picture C) it moves upward about four inches above the navel. Next, in the action phase (pictures D F) center of gravity moves three inches to the right of the navel and about four inches above the navel. In the follow through (picture G, H) the center of gravity is about four inches outside the body parallel to the belt line. Base of support is the area formed by the outer most region of contact between the body and a support surface. During the serve (pictures A D) the base of support is pretty much constant. It is just enough not to fall but good enough to push off of the surface. In picture E the base narrows a little because of the force of pushing off with the left foot. Pictures F and G, the base is wider then narrows and drops down and forward, this is because of momentum pulling the body forward into the follow through. At the end the base of support is narrowed to bring the feet under the body for better equilibrium because the center of gravity is outside the body, this is to keep the body from falling. The first law of kinematics is the law of interia. This law has principles that deal with motion. Translatory motion is defined as motion moving in a straight line. Rotary motion is defined as motion moving in a circle. Combining translatory and rotary motion in the tennis serve is shown by the rotary motion of the racket arm and the motion of the trunk in the follow through. Translatory motion is shown by the stepping forward of the trunk, legs, and partially of the racket arm. Continuity of motion is shown during the action phase (pictures D F) with the tossing of the tennis ball while bringing the racket into a striking position and also extended the trunk and legs. This is all performed at the same time with no pause. If there was pause in any of these motions there would not be enough momentum to create a very effective serve. .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210 , .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210 .postImageUrl , .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210 , .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210:hover , .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210:visited , .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210:active { border:0!important; } .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210:active , .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210 .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u67dfcb6dab35963dfce55fe9adfde210:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Matrix (1018 words) EssayMomentum is the product of a bodys mass and linear velocity. Momentum can be changed by changing direction. To produce an effect of momentum during the serve, since mass is constant, the velocity of the body must be increased. This is done by the extension of the racket arm along with the trunk and moving the center of gravity forward to produce a good momentum in striking the tennis ball, this intern with the racket striking the ball turns it into a force, this force is equal to the momentum of the body. During the action phase of the serve (pictures D F) transfer of momentum is achieved by extending the legs, trunk, and racket arm. This is d one because mass remains constant, so to increase speed the body must become longer to help contribute to the total body momentum. In the tennis serve acceleration is proportional to force because mass in the body of the server is constant. So if the server has a great amount of acceleration then there will be a great amount of force when striking the tennis ball with the racket. Maximum acceleration is achieved by moving the whole body in a forward motion with continuity and timing. There are really no extraneous movements because most movements like the extension of the legs, trunk, racket arm, and the moving forward of the body are all extended to create greater body momentum. Timing is very important and should be practiced because it is probably the hardest thing to get down to create maximum acceleration and effective motion. In the serve the bodys radius is lengthened so according to the principle the rotation is shortened during the follow through phase, this is because with a lengthened radius the body has more area to cover. This is sacrificed because greater momentum to where the ball must be hit is more important then rotational speed. This is illustrated in the action phase (pictures D F) with the extension of the legs, trunk and racket arm. This shows the lengthening of the bodys radius. During the action phase of the serve never unsupported as seen in the pictures D F. Both feet seem to be on the ground in constant support of the body, so this principle does not apply to this particular serve. Although some people might actually, force a split second, become airborne during the serve, then this principle would apply. There are three major surface variations in tennis all with different counter force. Clay is the first surface, although it is somewhat soft is does not contain good counter force because it has a bad coefficient of restitution, which means it does not bounce back to original shape very well. Clay is also somewhat slippery so players must slide to position to hit the ball. Grass is another form of surface variation, it is also somewhat soft and does not have a very good coefficient of restitution but it is better then clay. Grass also has a degree slipperiness and also requires the sliding into position. Finally, concrete is the last surface variation, it has no counter force because there is no give and no coefficient of restitution but concrete is not as slippery as the other two surfaces. During the action phase of the tennis serve (pictures D F), the direction of counter force is projected down and back which in turn propels the server up and forward. This is done in a perpendicular manner to the surface so there will be no slippage. When the racket strikes the ball there are counter forces. When the ball is in contact with the racket, the racket has momentum but there is one possibility in the make of the racket to help contribute to counter force. If a player has a stiff racket with loss strings the give of the racket is not as great as the strings but when both their coefficients of restitution are activated, they perform in created more force for the striking of the ball. The ball itself also has a coefficient of restitution to help propel itself off the racket. The player also must have a firm grip at impact to reduce of eliminate give at the grip. Temporarily stored counter force can be found in many parts of the tennis serve. For one, the ball itself has it own ability to spring back to original shape, this all depends on the make of the ball. Next is the racket and the strings, each have a coefficient of restitution which results in temporarily stored counter force. A stiff racket like tightly wound strings have high restitution unlike a flexible racket and loss strings. Finally the shoes an athlete wears can have stored counter force depending on make and material. In the tennis serve as observed in pictures D F, during the sticking motion both feet are in contact with the ground to provide maximum to the ball, even though the bodies extended and looks like it could go airborne. Total force is equal to the sum of the forces of each body segment contributing to the act, if the forces are applied in a single direction and in the proper sequence with correct timing. If the variables sequence, timing, and direction are not all applied correctly together the total force will be minimal. During the action phase, pictures D-F, in the tennis serve total force is achieved by the extension of the arms, legs and trunk along with the timing of the movement of the racket arm in striking the ball, and also the leaning forward of the body. Force applications should be constant and as even as possible. The force applications should be this way so that maximum force can be used to overcome the resistance of gravity and air or water, and minimum force can be us ed to overcome inertia. The relationship between constant force over a greater distance and resulting velocity is a positive one. When the distance over which a force is applied increases, so does the velocity. During the prep phase, pictures A-C, the extension of the racket arm is done to create the distance in which greater velocity will occur and this resulting in a greater striking force of the tennis ball. Resulting movement depends on the direction and magnitude of the acting forces. If two of these forces act in the same general direction, the direction of the resulting force is somewhere between the two, and the magnitude of the resulting force is more than either, but not as much as the total of the two contributing forces. During the action phase, pictures D-F, the force of the arm, body and racket hitting the ball forward along with gravity pulling it downward, the balls flight, although going forward is also going down. This path of the ball is the between result of the two forces acting upon it. The relationship of muscle length and resulting force is that, the longer the muscle is, the greater the increase in force of that muscle. During the prep phase, pictures A-C, the muscles in the body and the racket arm are tensed or put on stretch to increase the length of the muscle to produce greater force. The relationship of linear speed to lever length is positive. This means that when a lever gets longer the linear speed gets faster, thus increasing the striking force. During the action phase, pictures D-F, the extension of the levers of the body and racket arm increases the linear speed, resulting in greater striking force of the tennis ball. .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e , .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e .postImageUrl , .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e , .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e:hover , .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e:visited , .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e:active { border:0!important; } .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e:active , .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u67db1a3465e532db8c5372f777d61e1e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The New Liberal Arts EssayEmphasis on proper follow through eliminates the tendency to decelerate a throwing or striking action prior to its completion. Some other benefits of a proper follow through would be to maintain balance and to protect the joint by gradually slowing the body parts. In any case, once contact is broken with the object, follow through actions has no influence on the flight of the object. There are some external forces that can be used to benefit performance, like water resistance, friction, gravity, and air resistance. Having the correct shoe for the correct playing surface can be very helpful because it could help reduce friction resulting in greater speed. Using gravity and air resistance when striking the tennis ball could be used in the placing of the ball to make it harder for the opponent to hit it. The relationship of air/water resistance and velocity is that if the velocity at which a body travels is increased by two, the air/water resistance against it will increase by four. During the action phase, pictures D-F, when the tennis ball travels at a certain speed the air resistance is squared. This intern can affect the flight of the ball. Centrifugal force is only experienced during a rotational (angular) or curvilinear motion. It results from the tendency for an object to continue in a straight line instead of a curved path. It is counteracting by forces (usually muscular) which, if effective, equal or exceed the centrifugal force and tend to maintain the object to continue in its curved path. This counteracting force is centripetal force. In the case of a freely moving body, as velocity increases, centrifugal force increases. Additional weight also increases centrifugal force. The smaller the radius of a curved path, the greater the centrifugal force with the same velocity. During the action phase, pictures D-F, the half circle motion of the racket arm, when in the process of hitting the ball, wants to go in a straight line but the muscles keep it from doing that. Instead, it brings the racket around to strike the ball at the peak height of the ball toss. A force from a blow can be diminished by distributing the force over either a greater time (and distance) or area, or both. During the action phase, pictures D-F, the size of the racket head determines the distributing of the force of the tennis ball. The bigger the racket head the more the force of the ball is diminished. In catching an object, the objects momentum is dissipated by eccentric muscular contractions allowing the joints to move through controlled flexion; and while momentum is being reduced, body parts flex to grasp the object securely. This principle is not found in the tennis serve because there is no object being caught. If the application is directly through the projectiles center of gravity, only linear motion results from the force. As the projecting force is moved farther from the center of gravity, rotary motion of the object increases at the expense of linear motion. If the force is below the objects center of gravity, backspin results. If the force is above the objects center of gravity, topspin results. The striking of the ball above or below its center of gravity which can intern result in topspin or backspin which can change the direction of the ball when it hits the court and also in the air. The force of gravity on a object starts to diminish its vertical velocity as soon as contact is broken. The factors that determine how soon gravity will cause the object to descend are weight, amount of force driving it upward, and the effect of air resistance on the object. The relationship of speed and air resistance is that as speed increases air resistance plays a more significant role. Objects that are less dense and streamlined are influenced less by air resistance, and the less surface area an object presents, the less will be the effect of air resistance on the object. The tennis ball being somewhat small, round, hollow, and fuzzy, makes it less dense, more streamlined, and it presents less surface area. This all intern makes the tennis ball a pretty streamlined. The optimal angle for maximum distance when the beginning and end points are at the same level is 45 degrees. The effects of a less than optimal angle results in little distance. The effect of a greater then optimal angle can also result in little distance. When starting points are above or below ending points, reduce angle to get maximum distance. Since the greatest angle for projection is 45 degrees, the tennis serve is struck downward as close to 45 degrees as possible. The relationship of the angle of incidence to the angle of reflection is equal. This means that the angle at which the object approaches a surface is equal to the angle at which it leaves that surface. The factors that could change this would be irregular shapes of the two colliding surfaces, the force resulting from elasticity of the object, and the spin of the object both during and after contact. If all else is constant , the angle the tennis ball hits the ground is the angle it will project of the ground. Also in tennis spin will effect the angle. A highly elastic object will quickly spring back to its original shape after being compressed. The compression of the tennis ball is somewhat moderate but there is also what is called a high compression ball on the market. The elasticity is really high because the ball is made out of rubber, which has a good restitution. The greatest rebound results from a moderately compressed ball with high elasticity. For tennis, a stiff racket and loose strings will produce the greatest elasticity of the ball because the racket if loose does not have great restitution as well as the strings do. Also the ball is highly compressed and has a lot of elasticity to it, to help propel it fast. An object propelled without spin tends to waver because of air resistance against the objects irregular surface. A small amount of spin on an object produces a stabilizing effect which tends to hold it on its line of flight. Increased spin will tend to cause the object to curve in the same direction as the spin because of unequal air pressure cause by the spinning. During the serve or contact with the ball spin is added to the ball to throw the opponent off guard. The effect of the spin is to make the opponent change direction very quickly. To cause an object to spin in the desired direction, the striking implement should be drawn across the object in the direction of the desired spin. Topspin is caused by an implement striking forward-upward. Backspin is produced when the strike is made forward-downward. In the serve topspin is added to draw the ball out or make it jump up. Backspin is added to make the ball fall short, so to make the opponent run to the net. Topspin causes a lower angle of rebound, a longer bounce, and more roll. Backspin causes a higher angle of rebound, a shorter bounce, and less roll. In the serve these spins are used to throw the opponent off guard and to make them make a quick decision and mess up. The effects on a vertical surface are different than on a horizontal surface. Topspin causes a higher rebound , backspin causes a lower rebound, right spin causes a rebound to the left, and left spin causes a rebound to the right. Tennis serve does not happen on a vertical surface at all. The serve is the most important part of tennis, it starts the game and sets the tone for the match. Many of the professionals today have mastered most of theses principles, and these principles can be seen by just watching a match by a valid tennis player. BiomechanicsThe Tennis Serve.